泰安市农村居民腹泻家庭卫生和行为习惯影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-04-22 17:15

本文选题：农村居民 + 腹泻　；参考：《环境与健康杂志》2017年10期

【摘要】：为探讨农村居民腹泻在家庭环境卫生和行为习惯方面的影响因素,于2015年5-10月,在泰安市随机抽取3个县,每个县随机选择5个乡镇(不含城关镇),每个乡镇随机选择4个行政村作为监测点,每个监测点随机选择5户家庭,共计300户进行问卷调查,调查内容包括基本情况(监测户的人口学资料、两周腹泻患病情况、饮用水类型、饮水习惯、卫生习惯等信息),厕所与粪便无害化情况(厕所类型、位置、厕室内情况、粪便处理方式等情况),生活垃圾情况(生活垃圾丢弃地点等情况),生活污水情况(生活污水排放方式、排放地点等情况),病媒生物情况(孳生地数量、有无鼠迹、苍蝇等情况)。结果显示,农村居民两周腹泻患病率为3.3%(10/300)。农村居民腹泻患病率在家庭厕所位置、厕室内卫生情况、家庭生活垃圾丢弃地点、家庭生活污水排放方式、房屋周围病媒生物孳生地情况、家庭饮水习惯、饭前便后洗手习惯方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),其中,喝生水、饭前便后不洗手、厕所位置在室内、厕室内有蝇蛆、生活垃圾随意丢弃、生活污水随意排放的居民腹泻患病率均较高。房屋周围无垃圾投放点居民腹泻患病率高于有垃圾投放点,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。农村居民腹泻患病率在家庭饮用水类型、家庭厕所类型、粪便处理方式、家庭生活污水排放地点等方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。提示加强卫生宣传,改善家庭环境卫生,建立良好卫生习惯是降低农村居民腹泻患病率的主要措施。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the influencing factors of diarrhea in household environmental hygiene and behavior habits in rural residents, three counties were randomly selected in Taian City from May to October 2015. Five villages and towns were randomly selected in each county (excluding Chengguan Township, 4 administrative villages in each township were randomly selected as monitoring points, 5 households were randomly selected for each monitoring point, and a total of 300 households were investigated. The survey included basic information (demographic data of households, two-week diarrhoea prevalence, type of drinking water, drinking water habits, sanitary habits, etc.), innocuity of latrines and faeces (types of latrines, locations, indoor conditions of toilets, etc.) Faecal disposal methods, MSW (MSW disposal sites, etc.), domestic sewage (domestic sewage discharge, discharge sites, etc.), vector organisms (number of breeding places, whether there are rodent tracks, flies, etc.) The results showed that the prevalence of two-week diarrhea in rural residents was 3. 3 / 10 / 300. The prevalence rate of diarrhea in rural residents was found in the location of the household toilet, the sanitary condition of the toilet room, the place where the household domestic waste was discarded, the way of domestic sewage discharge, the conditions of the disease vector breeding place around the house, the habit of drinking water in the household. The differences in hand washing habits before and after meals were statistically significant (P 0.05). Among them, drinking raw water, not washing hands before and after a meal, toilet location in the room, maggots in the toilet room, garbage discarded at will, The incidence of diarrhea was higher in residents who discharged domestic sewage randomly. The incidence of diarrhea was higher in the residents with no garbage at the point around the house than that in the place without garbage, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of diarrhea among rural residents in the types of domestic drinking water, the types of household latrines, the way of faeces treatment, and the discharge sites of domestic domestic sewage. It is suggested that the main measures to reduce the incidence of diarrhea in rural residents are to strengthen health propaganda, improve family environmental hygiene and establish good hygiene habits.
【作者单位】：泰安市疾病预防控制中心计划免疫科;泰安市疾病预防控制中心消毒管理与病媒生物防制科;
【分类号】：R181.3

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