空间分析方法在中国结核病分布和120急救系统中的应用

发布时间：2018-04-25 09:30

本文选题：结核病 + 地理信息系统　；参考：《山西医科大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 目的:结核病是一种常见的危害严重的传染病,在我国存在不同程度的流行。本课题应用空间分析方法研究中国结核病的空间分布特征和空间积聚性,并探索中国结核病与社会经济的关系,为结核病的防治提供更为科学的依据。方法:收集全国结核病流行病学调查资料,建立相关数据库,在Arcview3.2/SAS8.0/SPSS11.5软件的支持下,与建立的数据库相联,并进行空间分析;对活动性肺结核患病率、肺结核死亡率和社会经济因素进行相关分析。结果:(1)绘制中国结核病空间分布的等值线图和曲面图;构建4阶趋势面模型可较好的描述我国活动性肺结核患病率和肺结核死亡率的空间分布特征。 (2)绘制中国结核病空间分布的电子地图,通过全局空间相关分析尚未发现活动性肺结核患病率(Z=0.7775,P＞0.05)和肺结核死亡率(Z=1.5976,P＞0.05)存在空间积聚性;通过局域空间相关分析发现活动性肺结核患病率在西藏周边地区存在高发的“热点”区域(Z=2.2603,P＜0.05),在上海周边地区存在低发的“冷点”区域(Z=1.9642,P＜0.05);尚未发现肺结核死亡率存在“热点”和“冷点”区域(P＞0.05)。 (3)选取两个主成分作为我国结核病发生的综合指标;聚类分析谱系图显示我国结核病的发生可分为3个主要空间分布区域,并在电子地图中表示出来;制作对应分析图研究中国结核病发生的空间积聚性。 (4)中国活动性肺结核病患病率与社会经济因素有关r=-0.383(P=0.040),尚未发现肺结核死亡率与社会经济因素存在明显的相关r=-0.318(P=0.093)。结论:全局空间相关分析显示尚未发现我国活动性肺结核患病率和肺结核死亡率存在空间积聚性;我国结核病的发生可分为3个主要空间分布区域,不同区域内的结核病防治应采取相应的对策;活动性肺结核患病率与社会经济有关。目的:120急救系统在急救事件处理中发挥着重要作用,本课题将地理信息系统应用于120急救系统,为山西省建立基于地理信息系统的120急救系统提供科学方法指导。方法:以山西省太原市城区1∶10,000地图为背景,在Arcview3.2软件中建立行政边界图层,在地图上标出研究区域内的急救站和有急诊资格的医院。进行太原市城区120急救站的服务现状和最近急救站车辆调度、最优医院选择的研究。结果:以Arcview3.2为操作平台,以图示化分析说明山西省太原市城区120急救站的服务区现状;应用地理信息系统空间网络分析进行调度车辆路线规划,这种方法能考虑实际路网情形,将路线规划结果呈现在地理信息系统的道路网图上,以准确的道路路线图表示出规划的结果。结论:将地理信息系统分析技术应用于120急救系统,采用查询定位技术、图层合并技术、最短路径方法等技术可以提高应急调度的自动化和快速化,地理信息系统在120急救系统中发挥着重要作用。
[Abstract]:Objective : To study the spatial distribution and spatial accumulation of tuberculosis in China , and to explore the relationship between tuberculosis and social economy in China and to provide a more scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis .

Methods : The epidemiological investigation data of tuberculosis was collected and relevant database was established . The database was connected with the established database under the support of Arcview3.2 / SAS8.0 / SPSS 11.5 software , and spatial analysis was carried out . The prevalence of active tuberculosis , tuberculosis mortality rate and socio - economic factors were analyzed .

Results : ( 1 ) The contour map and surface map of the spatial distribution of tuberculosis in China were drawn . The spatial distribution characteristics of active pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis mortality in China were well described by constructing the 4th order trend surface model .

( 2 ) There was spatial accumulation in the distribution of tuberculosis space in China . The prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis ( Z = 0.7775 , P > 0.05 ) and pulmonary tuberculosis mortality rate ( Z = 1.5976 , P > 0.05 ) were detected by global spatial correlation analysis . The prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis was found in the region around Tibet ( Z = 2.2603 , P < 0.05 ) . There was no " hot spot " and " cold spot " region in the surrounding area of Shanghai ( P > 0.05 ) .

( 3 ) Two main components were selected as a comprehensive index for the occurrence of tuberculosis in China . Cluster analysis shows that the occurrence of tuberculosis in China can be divided into three main spatial distribution regions and is represented in the electronic map , and the spatial accumulation of tuberculosis in China is studied by the corresponding analysis chart .

( 4 ) The prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis in China was related to socio - economic factors ( r = - 0.383 ( P = 0 . 040 ) . There was no significant correlation between mortality and socioeconomic factors ( r = - 0.318 ( P = 0.093 ) .

Conclusion : The global spatial correlation analysis shows that there is space accumulation in the prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis in China and the mortality rate of pulmonary tuberculosis ; the occurrence of tuberculosis in China can be divided into three main spatial distribution regions , and the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in different regions should be taken accordingly ; the prevalence of active tuberculosis is related to the social economy .

Objective : 120 First Aid System plays an important role in emergency treatment . This project applies GIS to 120 first aid system , and provides scientific method guidance for the establishment of 120 emergency system based on GIS in Shanxi Province .

Methods : Based on a map of 1 : 10,000 in Taiyuan City , Shanxi Province , an administrative boundary layer was established in Arcview3.2 software . First - aid stations and emergency - qualified hospitals in the study area were marked on the map .

Results : Using Arcview3.2 as the operating platform , the present situation of the service area of 120 first - aid station in Taiyuan city area of Shanxi Province was illustrated by means of graphical analysis , and the planning of vehicle route was scheduled by using GIS spatial network analysis . The method can take into account the actual road network situation , present the results of route planning on the road network map of the geographic information system , and express the planned results with an accurate road map road map .

Conclusion : Applying GIS technology to 120 first - aid system can improve the automation and rapidity of emergency dispatch by using query location technology , layer combination technology , shortest path method and so on . Geographic information system plays an important role in 120 emergency system .

【学位授予单位】：山西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R181.3;R197.1

【参考文献】