武汉市吸毒人群艾滋

发布时间：2018-05-08 02:13

本文选题：吸毒人群 + 艾滋病　；参考：《华中科技大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:了解武汉市吸毒人群的人口学特点、吸食毒品种类,注射吸毒的比例、共用针具情况,了解吸毒人群中艾滋病、梅毒、丙肝感染现状与相关因素,掌握吸毒人群对艾滋病知识的了解以及态度和行为学特征,为制定和实施干预措施提供参考依据,并干预效果的评估提供基础资料。方法:采用分类滚雪球非概率抽样方法,从武汉市16家社区美沙酮药物维持治疗门诊选取新入组且符合筛选条件的吸毒者,并从社区和自愿戒毒所招募符合筛选条件的吸毒者,进行问卷调查,同时采集吸毒者的血样。用ELISA方法检测血清HIV、HCV抗体,用RPR方法检测血清梅毒抗体。资料用EPIDATA3.1软件录入,用SAS8.2进行统计分析。结果:调查共收集问卷445份,采集血样411份,问卷与血样匹配份数为408份,问卷有效率为91.69%;吸毒人群平均年龄为38岁,70%以上没有固定职业,大部分人在婚,文化程度以初中居多,95%以上的人在武汉市居住时间在2年以上。吸毒人群对“蚊虫叮咬不会传播艾滋病病毒”这一问题回答正确率为44.78%,其余知识问题回答正确率达70%。第一次吸毒的平均年龄为27岁。海洛因使用率最高,为94.68%;77.26%的吸毒人群曾注射过毒品,第一次注射毒品的平均年龄为29岁;曾经注射过毒品的吸毒者中,16.55%的吸毒者与他人共用过针具。最近一年,吸毒人群与临时性伴性行为发生率为20.15%,与临时性伴发生性行为时安全套使用率为40.24%;通过商业性伴获得商业性行为的发生率为7.43%,吸毒者为他人提供商业性服务的发生率为1.74%。本次调查梅毒阳性人数为22人,阳性率为5.39%,丙肝阳性人数为315人,阳性率为77.21%,女性感染梅毒的危险性大于男性,OR=7.100;注射过毒品、在戒毒所参与戒毒过(即重复吸毒者)的吸毒人员感染丙肝的危险性大于未注射吸毒、未戒毒过的吸毒人群,OR值分别为23.967、2.748。结论:不同人口学特征的吸毒人群在使用毒品、注射毒品、共用针具、临时性行为、丙肝感染现状等均有显著的差异,因此,要结合吸毒人群的特征开展干预活动,吸毒人群梅毒、丙肝感染率均显著高于普通人群,应采取相应的预防措施,减少吸毒人群共用针具与不安全性行为。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the demographic characteristics of drug users in Wuhan, the types of drugs used, the proportion of injecting drug users, the situation of sharing needles, and the current situation and related factors of AIDS, syphilis and hepatitis C infection among drug users. To grasp the knowledge of AIDS and the characteristics of attitude and behavior of drug users, to provide reference for the formulation and implementation of intervention measures, and to provide basic data for the evaluation of intervention effects. Methods: using classified snowball non-probabilistic sampling method, 16 community methadone drug maintenance outpatient clinics in Wuhan City were selected from 16 community methadone drug maintenance treatment outpatients who met the screening criteria, and the drug users who met the screening criteria were recruited from community and voluntary drug treatment centers. A questionnaire survey was conducted and blood samples of drug addicts were collected at the same time. ELISA method was used to detect HIV / HCV antibody and RPR method was used to detect syphilis antibody. The data were recorded by EPIDATA3.1 software and analyzed by SAS8.2. Results: a total of 445 questionnaires were collected, 411 blood samples were collected and 408 matched with blood samples. The effective rate of the questionnaire was 91.690.The average age of drug addicts was over 38 years old and 70% had no fixed occupation, and most of them were married. More than 95% of the middle school students lived in Wuhan for more than 2 years. The correct rate of answer to the question "mosquito bite will not spread HIV" among drug addicts is 44.78 and the answer rate of other knowledge questions is 70. The average age of first drug use was 27. The rate of heroin use was the highest, 94.68% and 77.26% of the drug users had injected drugs, and the average age of the first injection was 29 years, and 16.55% of the drug users who had injected drugs had shared needles with others. Last year, The prevalence of sexual intercourse between drug addicts and temporary partners was 20.15, and the rate of condom use was 40.24.The rate of obtaining commercial sex through commercial partners was 7.43, and the rate of drug addicts providing commercial sexual services for others was 1.74. The number of syphilis positive was 22, the positive rate was 5.39, the positive rate of hepatitis C was 315, the positive rate was 77.21. The risk of syphilis infection in women was higher than that in men. The risk of hepatitis C infection among drug users who had participated in drug rehabilitation centers was higher than that of non-injecting drug users. The OR value of drug users who had not been detoxified was 23.967 卤2.748. Conclusion: there are significant differences in drug use, injection drug use, needle sharing, temporary behavior and status of hepatitis C infection among drug users with different demographic characteristics. Therefore, intervention activities should be carried out in combination with the characteristics of drug users. The infection rates of syphilis and hepatitis C in drug addicts were significantly higher than those in the general population. The corresponding preventive measures should be taken to reduce the sharing of needles and unsafe sex among drug users.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R181.3

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