基于生命伦理的艾滋病防治若干难点问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 05:03

本文选题：艾滋病 + 生命伦理　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 艾滋病自1985年传入我国已经有20余年了,我国政府和社会各界也一直致力于艾滋病的防治工作,不仅在一定程度上控制了艾滋病的传播速度和规模,使我国的艾滋病疫情仍然处于低流行态势,同时还加大了对艾滋病感染者和患者的关怀和救助,降低了艾滋病传播的其他社会危害,艾滋病社会综合防治工作取得了积极的成效。然而,我国当前的艾滋病疫情却仍处于上升阶段,进一步蔓延的危险依然存在,并且正在从高危人群像普通人群扩散。与此同时,我国公共卫生领域乃至人们长期价值观中隐藏的问题也逐步暴露出来,特别是由于多年体制和陈旧思想的积累,形成了一些艾滋病防治中的难点问题,较大程度的影响了艾滋病防治整体工作的进展。因此,针对我国当前艾滋病防治中存在的难点问题进行专项研究十分必要。本文将着重从生命伦理学角度分别研究当前艾滋病防治中的四个主要的难点:农民工艾滋病防治措施实施难度大;宣传教育难以取得实效;干预措施的执行仍存在障碍:“四免一关怀”政策落实不平衡。通过对这些问题的分析,本文在总结以往艾滋病防治经验的基础上提出了几点政策建议的同时,也从伦理角度对现存问题和政策改进进行了论证。有效性和合乎伦理性是对政策的基本要求,虽然这两个要求在根本上是一致的,但有时也会发生矛盾。政府可以采不合理的强制性措施达到政策预定的目标,然而这种政策往往不可持续,只在短期上有效。因此,政策的合乎伦理性,往往是政策有效的保证。在对当前艾滋病问题进行伦理分析的基础上,本文主张:实现人权的基本平等和自由,是应对艾滋病疫情的重要元素,应该作为艾滋病防治工作中的核心,特别是人权中的生命权和健康权。因为在对待艾滋病这种与人的生命密切相关的疾病时,生命价值的独特性决定了不能以功利主义和契约主义对待利益的方式来看待生命。因此,在对待艾滋病问题时,我们首先尊重人的生命,护卫人的生命权,同时兼顾生命伦理中的自主、不伤害和公正等原则。在个体中,体现以人为本的生命价值理念;在社会中,体现平等、公正的道德原则。只有得到伦理支持的艾滋病防治工作,才能有效地控制艾滋病的传播,才能真正提高艾滋病感染者和患者的生命质量,才能建立艾滋病防治工作的长效机制。真正树立了这些理念和价值观,不仅有利于当前艾滋病问题的解决,对超出艾滋病防治领域其他问题的解决也将发挥积极的作用。
[Abstract]:It has been more than 20 years since AIDS was introduced into China in 1985. Our government and all walks of life have been committed to the prevention and treatment of AIDS, not only control the speed and scale of the spread of AIDS to a certain extent. The AIDS epidemic in our country is still in a low epidemic situation. At the same time, it has increased the care and assistance to people living with HIV / AIDS and has reduced other social hazards of AIDS transmission. Social comprehensive prevention and treatment of AIDS has achieved positive results. However, the current AIDS epidemic in China is still on the rise, the risk of further spread still exists, and is spreading from the high-risk population, such as the general population. At the same time, the hidden problems in the field of public health and even in people's long-term values have been gradually exposed, especially because of the accumulation of many years of system and old ideas, which has formed some difficult problems in the prevention and control of AIDS. To a large extent affected the overall AIDS prevention and control of the progress. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out special research on the difficult problems existing in the prevention and treatment of AIDS in our country. This paper will focus on the four main difficulties in the prevention and treatment of AIDS from the perspective of bioethics: the implementation of AIDS prevention and control measures for migrant workers is difficult, the publicity and education are difficult to achieve practical results; There are still obstacles in the implementation of intervention measures: the implementation of the policy of "four exemptions and one care" is unbalanced. Through the analysis of these problems, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the basis of summing up the experience of AIDS prevention and control in the past, and at the same time, demonstrates the existing problems and policy improvement from the ethical point of view. Effectiveness and ethics are the basic requirements of policy, although the two requirements are fundamentally the same, but sometimes there will be contradictions. Governments can adopt unreasonable coercive measures to achieve their stated goals. However, such policies are often unsustainable and only effective in the short term. Therefore, the ethical nature of policy is often the guarantee of policy effectiveness. On the basis of an ethical analysis of the current AIDS problem, this paper argues that the realization of fundamental equality and freedom of human rights is an important element in the response to the AIDS epidemic and should be the core of AIDS prevention and treatment. In particular, the right to life and the right to health in human rights. Because in the treatment of AIDS, a disease closely related to human life, the uniqueness of the value of life determines that life cannot be viewed in the way of utilitarianism and contract. Therefore, in the treatment of AIDS, we first respect human life, protect the right to life, while taking into account the principles of life ethics autonomy, no harm and justice. In the individual, embodies the people-oriented life value concept, in the society, manifests the equality, the justice moral principle. Only the work of AIDS prevention and treatment supported by ethics can effectively control the spread of AIDS, improve the quality of life of AIDS infected persons and patients, and establish a long-term mechanism for AIDS prevention and treatment. The establishment of these concepts and values will not only help solve the current AIDS problem, but will also play a positive role in solving other problems beyond AIDS prevention and treatment.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：R183

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