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苏北农村地区高血压人群肾功能流行病学研究

发布时间:2018-06-16 18:06

  本文选题:高血压 + 慢性肾脏病 ; 参考:《南京医科大学》2012年博士论文


【摘要】:慢性肾脏疾病(chronic kidney disease, CKD)发病率在全世界范围内呈明显升高趋势,已成为21世纪全人类面临的主要公共健康问题之一。CKD进展至终末期肾衰(end stage renal disease, ESRD)需依赖肾脏替代治疗而生存,不仅影响患者的生存质量,而且给患者及社会带来沉重的负担。如何更好的防治CKD、延缓肾功能衰退已成为目前研究的热点。 原发性高血压是最常见的心血管疾病,也是慢性肾脏病重要的危险因素之一。我国人群高血压患病率高,平均每10个成人中就有2人患高血压,估计目前全国至少有2亿高血压患者,并且仍呈增长态势。因此,在高血压患者中发现早期肾功能减退的患者并针对相关危险因素进行早期干预具有十分重要的临床意义。 心血管疾病(cardiac vascular disease, CVD)是CKD患者最严重的并发症和首要死亡原因。近年来,血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine, Hcy)升高作为动脉粥样硬化新的危险因素被广泛关注。国内外已有大量证据表明,Hcy与许多疾病的发生发展有密切联系,是CVD的独立危险因子。 此外,Hcy还与脑卒中神经变性疾病、神经管缺陷以及终末期肾脏病的联系密切。目前,CKD和终末期肾脏病患者的高Hcy现象已经得到临床研究者的普遍认同,高Hcy被认为是CKD患者CVD风险显著增高的重要原因之一。 肾功能受损可以引起血浆Hcy水平升高,而在非CKD的一般人群中,血浆Hcy水平也与肾功能呈负相关。虽然高同型半胱氨酸血症在人类肾功能不全的发病中是否起作用尚不清楚,但在动物实验中高同型半胱氨酸血症可能诱导肾损伤。 亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, MTHFR)是催化5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸转化为5-甲基四氢叶酸的关键酶,而5-甲基四氢叶酸是Hcy再甲基化为蛋氨酸反应过程中的甲基供体,MTHFR基因677位点CT的遗传变异是导致血浆Hcy水平的升高重要的原因之一。然而,很少有研究关注MTHFR C677T基因多态性和肾功能之间的关系。 我们从2008年底开始在江苏省连云港市赣榆县和东海县部分乡镇开展一项“原发性高血压人群脑卒中一级预防的随机临床试验”,对赣榆、东海两县部分乡镇居民进行了肾功能、血浆Hcy水平和MTHFR C677T基因多态性的检测,通过横断面分析了解在苏北农村地区大样本高血压人群中肾功能的分布情况,研究影响肾功能分布的因素,重点关注Hcy、MTHFR C677T基因多态性和高血压患者肾功能的关系,为上述问题提供我国大规模人群的数据,以期在高血压人群中发现影响肾功能的相关危险因素,为CKD患者的临床早期干预提供科学依据。 第一部分苏北农村地区高血压人群肾功能分布及其影响因素研究 背景:慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease, CKD)在全世界范围内的发病率明显升高,而高血压是慢性肾脏病非常重要的危险因素,因此,发现高血压人群中早期肾功能减退的危险因素并予以干预具有十分重要的临床意义。目的:通过横断面分析,了解在苏北农村地区大样本高血压人群中肾功能的分布情况,并研究影响肾功能分布的因素。 方法:本研究人群来自国家Ⅰ类新药马来酸依那普利叶酸片多中心随机对照Ⅳ期临床试验中国脑卒中一级预防研究中江苏省连云港农村社区原发性高血压患者的基线资料,其中共纳入18814例45~75岁筛选期的原发性高血压患者,进行问卷调查、人体测量和血样采集,测定肾功能、血糖、血脂和同型半胱氨酸等相关指标。 结果:本研究人群共计18814例原发性高血压患者,以肾小球滤过率(estimatedglomerular filtration rate,eGFR)60ml/min/1.73m2作为划分CKD的界值,CKD的患病率是3.3%,其中,男性和女性的患病率分别是3.1%和3.4%。男性和女性患者eGFR水平均随着年龄增加而减低。随着Hcy水平的增加,男性和女性患者eGFR水平均降低。多元线性回归分析显示,在男性和女性患者中,年龄、体质指数(BMI)、Hcy、舒张压(DBP)、血糖和血脂与eGFR呈显著负相关,,收缩压(SBP)与eGFR水平呈显著正相关。多元Logistic回归分析显示,在男性患者中,年龄和Hcy水平每增加1个单位,CKD的风险分别增加10%(OR:1.10,95%CI:1.07-1.13,P0.001)和2%(OR:1.02,95%CI:1.01-1.03,P0.001);在女性患者中,年龄和Hcy水平每增加1个单位,CKD的风险分别增加7%(OR:1.07,95%CI:1.05-1.09,P0.001)和6%(OR:1.06,95%CI:1.04-1.08,P0.001)。 结论:本研究发现,我国连云港农村社区的原发性高血压人群中CKD的患病率为3.3%,年龄和Hcy水平是影响高血压患者肾功能的重要因素。 第二部分苏北农村地区高血压人群MTHFR C677T基因多态性与肾功能的分子流行病学研究 背景:血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine, Hcy)水平和肾功能呈负相关。在终末期肾病中,严重肾功能损害将不可避免地导致高同型半胱氨酸血症。但是,高同型半胱氨酸血症在人类肾功能不全的发病中是否起作用尚不清楚,近期有研究提示,Hcy是CKD的独立预测因素。 目的:通过横断面分析,研究苏北农村地区原发性高血压人群中Hcy和Hcy代谢关键酶亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, MTHFR)C677T基因多态性与肾功能的关联性。 方法:本研究人群来自国家Ⅰ类新药马来酸依那普利叶酸片多中心随机对照Ⅳ期临床试验中国脑卒中一级预防研究中江苏省连云港农村社区原发性高血压患者的基线资料,其中共纳入18814例45~75岁筛选期的原发性高血压患者,进行问卷调查、人体测量和血样采集,测定肾功能、血糖、血脂、同型半胱氨酸水平和MTHFR C677T基因多态性等相关指标。 结果:本研究发现研究人群MTHFR C677T基因型和eGFR水平之间的关系具有性别差异,在男性患者中,TT基因型的患者较CC基因型的患者eGFR水平显著下降1.37ml/min/1.73m(2P=0.004)。将eGFR进行五等分和二等分后,Logistic回归分析显示,校正年龄、BMI、收缩压和舒张压之后,TT基因型的男性患者处于低水平eGFR的风险更高,其OR值分别为1.32(95%CI:1.08-10.62,P=0.007)和1.25(95%CI:1.11-1.41, P=0.0003)。以eGFR60ml/min/1.73m2作为划分CKD的标准,在男性和女性患者中,均未发现MTHFR C677T基因型与CKD发生风险有显著性关联(P0.05)。 结论:本研究结果表明,在苏北农村地区男性高血压患者中,MTHFR C677T基因多态性和肾功能之间存在相关性,TT基因型eGFR水平显著下降,提示MTHFRC677T遗传变异有可能参与了CKD的病理过程,可能是CKD的易感位点。
[Abstract]:Chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) is a major public health problem worldwide . CKD progression to end stage renal disease is one of the major public health problems faced by all mankind in the 21st century . The progression of CKD to end stage renal disease is dependent on renal replacement therapy , which affects not only the quality of life of the patient but also the burden on the patient and society . How to better control CKD and delay the decline of renal function has become a hot spot in the present study .

Essential hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases and is one of the most important risk factors for chronic kidney disease . The prevalence of hypertension in our population is high . There are 2 people with hypertension in every 10 adults . It is estimated that there are at least 200 million hypertensive patients in the country .

Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is the most serious complication and leading cause of death in CKD patients . In recent years , elevated plasma homocysteine ( HCY ) has been widely concerned as a new risk factor for atherosclerosis . There has been plenty of evidence at home and abroad that HCY is closely related to the development of many diseases , which is an independent risk factor for CVD .

In addition , HCY is closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases , neural tube defects and end - stage renal disease . At present , high homocysteine levels in patients with CKD and end - stage renal disease have been widely recognized by clinical investigators , which is considered to be one of the important reasons for the significant increase of CVD risk in patients with CKD .

Hyperhomocysteinemia may induce renal injury in animal experiments , although hyperhomocysteinemia plays a role in the pathogenesis of human renal insufficiency , although hyperhomocysteinemia plays a role in the pathogenesis of human renal insufficiency .

methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase is a key enzyme for the conversion of 5 , 10 - methylene tetrahydrofolate to 5 - methyltetrahydrofolate , while 5 - methyltetrahydrofolate is one of the important reasons for the increase in plasma homocysteine levels .

In this paper , we started a randomized clinical trial for the prevention of stroke of primary hypertension in some towns and towns in Jiangxi Province , Jiangsu Province from the end of 2008 . In this paper , we studied the function of renal function , the plasma homocysteine level and the polymorphism of the C677T gene in some towns and towns in the two counties of Jiangxi Province . Through cross - section analysis , the factors affecting the renal function were studied . The data of the large - scale population in our country were studied by cross - section analysis , with a view to finding the relevant risk factors affecting the renal function in the hypertension population and providing scientific basis for the early intervention of CKD patients .

Study on the Renal Function Distribution and Its Influential Factors of Hypertension in the Rural Area of the First Part of Jiangsu Province

BACKGROUND : Chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) is an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease , and hypertension is a very important risk factor for chronic kidney disease .

Methods : The baseline data of patients with essential hypertension in rural communities of LianYungang , Jiangsu Province , were enrolled in the study of the multi - center randomized controlled phase IV clinical trial of Chinese drug maleate tablets of type 鈪

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