城市社区鼠害现状与防制对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 14:29

【摘要】： 目的鼠类不仅对人类健康造成威胁,而且危害农业、商业、水电等行业,严重影响经济发展和人类生活质量。近年来,城市不断扩大,大片的土地不断被征用,导致鼠种的分布和鼠类数量发生改变,城市社区鼠类危害控制已成为政府和专业人员关注的重点。本研究通过问卷调查、实验室研究、现场研究等方法,了解某城市社区鼠种及数量、鼠类主要危害及其成因,为制定综合灭鼠措施提供依据;掌握目前城市社区常见灭鼠药物的灭效、适口性、再遇适口性等情况,为现场灭鼠药物选择提供依据;了解城市社区综合灭鼠措施效果,以提出切实有效的城市社区综合灭鼠的具体方法。方法选择某城市两个社区的灭鼠专业人员、管理人员和600户居民,通过对专业人员与管理人员访谈、居民问卷调查、鼠种分布及鼠密度现况调查,了解城市社区鼠害现状及其影响因素; 选择大白鼠和小白鼠各36只,雌雄各半,分为3组,分别为对照组、0.005%溴敌隆组和0.0375%杀鼠迷组,进行实验室集体群养有选择试验,通过毒杀率、摄食系数和再遇摄食系数来比较两种常用灭鼠药物的灭效、适口性和再遇适口性; 根据鼠害现况、灭鼠药物实验室研究和国内外研究资料,制定和实施以0.005%溴敌隆三合粉毒饵标准投放、室内室外灭鼠相结合、居民告知、环境治理和完善防鼠设施等现场综合灭鼠措施,并比较其与常规灭鼠方法(在春秋季采用单一灭鼠药物0.005%溴敌隆三合粉进行一次性灭鼠)的灭鼠效果。结果 1.被调查社区主要鼠种有褐家鼠、小家鼠、黄胸鼠三种,通过鼠夹法测得社区鼠密度为3.09%,通过粉迹法测得社区鼠密度为10.57%。居民问卷调查结果表明有50%左右的居民家庭经常发现老鼠痕迹,近40%的家庭曾有物品被老鼠咬伤,近30%的居民居室里经常见老鼠跑动;社区经常见到老鼠跑动的居民占总调查人数的85.79%;住户周边经常可见废弃食品的人数占总调查居民的90.11%。访谈结果表明家庭和社区灭鼠主要采用药物灭鼠;社区防鼠设施不齐全;灭鼠专业人员均为初中及以下文化程度的临时工,且变动频繁,灭鼠程序不规范。 2. 0.005%溴敌隆三合粉对大、小白鼠的毒杀率均为100%,致死天数分别为5-11天和4-10天,0.0375%杀鼠迷三合粉对大、小白鼠的毒杀率分别为100%和91.67%,致死天数分别为6-13天和4-7天,两种药物对大、小白鼠的毒杀率和致死天数比较,差异均无显著性(P0.05);大、小白鼠对溴敌隆的摄食系数分别为1.14和2.79,大、小白鼠的对杀鼠迷摄食系数分别为0.85和0.47,大、小白鼠对两种灭鼠药物的适口性比较,差异均有显著
[Abstract]:Objective rodents not only pose a threat to human health, but also endanger agriculture, commerce, hydropower and other industries, and seriously affect economic development and the quality of human life. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of cities and the expropriation of large areas of land, the distribution of rodent species and the number of rodents have changed. The control of rodent hazards in urban communities has become the focus of attention of the government and professionals. By means of questionnaire investigation, laboratory research and field study, this study aims to understand the species and quantity of rodents, the main hazards of rodents and their causes in a city community, and to provide the basis for formulating comprehensive rodent killing measures. To grasp the efficacy, palatability, and so on of common rodent killing drugs in urban communities at present, so as to provide a basis for the selection of rodent killing drugs in the field, and to understand the effects of comprehensive rodent killing measures in urban communities, In order to put forward practical and effective methods of comprehensive rodent killing in urban communities. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the deratization professionals, managers and 600 residents in two communities of a certain city. The distribution and density of rodents were investigated to find out the present situation of rodent damage and its influencing factors in urban community, and 36 rats and 36 mice, half male and half male, were divided into 3 groups. In the control group, 0.005% bromodiolone group and 0.0375% rodenticide group were used as control group. The experiment was carried out to compare the efficacy of two common rodent killing drugs by poison killing rate, feeding coefficient and refeeding coefficient. According to the present situation of rodent damage, laboratory research and domestic and foreign research data, the standard of 0.005% bromadiolone powder bait was formulated and implemented. Indoor and outdoor rodent killing combined, residents informed, environmental control and improve anti-rodent facilities and other on-site comprehensive rodent killing measures, The rodent killing effect of this method was compared with that of conventional rodent killing method (single rodent killing drug 0.005% bromadiolone triple powder in spring and autumn). Result 1. The main rodent species were Rattus norvegicus (Rattus norvegicus), rodent (Rattus musculus) and Rattus flavipectus (Rattus flavipectus). The density of Rattus norvegicus was 3.09 by rat clip method, and 10.57 by powder trace method. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that about 50% of the households often found traces of mice, nearly 40% of the families had been bitten by mice, and nearly 30% of the households often saw mice running in the living room. The number of residents who often see mice running in the community accounts for 85.79 percent of the total number of people surveyed; the number of people who often see discarded food around the household accounts for 90.11 percent of the total residents surveyed. The results of the interview showed that drug was mainly used to kill mice in families and communities; the facilities for rodent control in the community were not complete; the rodent control professionals were all temporary workers of junior high school and below education level, and the changes were frequent. Irregular rodent control procedures. 2. The toxicity rate of 0.005% bromadiolone in rats and mice were 100, and the days of death were 5-11 days and 4-10 days respectively. The toxicity rates of mice were 100% and 91.67%, and the days of death were 6-13 days and 4-7 days, respectively. There was no significant difference in the toxicity rate and the days of death in mice (P0.05), the feeding coefficients of big and small mice to bromodiolone were 1.14 and 2.79, respectively, and the feeding coefficients of mice to rodenticide were 0.85 and 0.47, respectively. There were significant differences in palatability between two rodent killing drugs in mice.
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R184

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