太原铁路地区蟑螂种群分布和季节消长趋势调查研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 15:39

【摘要】： 目的:在分析比较粘捕法与药激法二种监测方法在蟑螂密度监测中的效果和防制效果考核中应用价值的基础上,选择适宜的方法调查了解目前太原铁路地区蟑螂侵害状况、种群分布及季节消长趋势,为更好地合理用药和有效控制蟑螂危害提供理论依据。方法:(1)调查对象:以太原铁路地区太原站、太原北站、太原车辆段(旅客列车库停、检修)、太原乘务员公寓为调查对象。(2)调查方法:①粘捕法随机确定用粘捕法的调查点布放统一规格的粘蟑板,用新鲜甜面包为诱饵(2克/张),每15m~2标准间布1张,置于蟑螂活动的场所,晚放晨收,并计数分类。各点布放不少于10张,点内各场所每次调查点相对固定。②药激法确定用药激法的调查点,在与同类场所布放粘蟑板相似环境处,用杀虫气雾剂对布板处墙壁、物体缝隙进行线状喷射,10分钟后记录激出的蟑螂数并分类。③温湿度监测每次进行种群密度及季节消长调查时,测定调查点各场所室内外温湿度。用蒸馏水湿润DHM2通风干湿温度表湿球纱条,上紧发条,将表悬挂与呼吸带高度,10分钟后读数。④蟑螂种群鉴定:将用粘捕法或药激法捕获的蟑螂在解剖显微镜下,由专人依照蟑螂种类检索表进行鉴定。⑤调查时间:2006年1月至12月,每月中旬调查一次。对用药品处理过的调查点,相邻二次调查时间间隔不短于7天。结果:(1)粘捕法与药激法结果比较:通过对全年粘捕法和药激法蟑螂密度配对秩和检验和侵害率配对t检验,粘捕法成虫密度(0.0779只/板)显著高于药激法成虫密度(0.0244只/点)(z=-2.29 p=0.022),粘捕法若虫密度(0.4193只/板)显著高于药激法若虫密度(0.0464只/点)(z=-2.353 p=0.019),粘捕法总密度(0.4968只/板)显著高于药激法总密度(0.0716只/点)(z=-2.432 p=0.015):粘捕法年均侵害率(12.4%±7.2479)显著高于药激法侵害率(2.85%±2.42345)(t=4.787 p=0.01)。(2)太原铁路地区蟑螂种群分布及密度季节消长趋势:太原铁路地区全年所有监测点共捕获成虫:745只,雌雄比1.45:1,全部为德国小蠊;蟑螂季节消长趋势,用粘捕法调查,太原铁路地区全年均有蟑螂活动,蟑螂若虫密度、总密度自五月份始有逐月升高趋势,12月下降,其中5、7、9、10、11月较高。蟑螂成虫密度消长趋势不明显,以5、10月较高。(3)太原铁路地区蟑螂侵害情况:粘捕法与药激法侵害率检测结果比较,粘捕法年均侵害率12.4%,药激法侵害率2.85%。通过按月配对,用配对t检验,粘捕法与药激法有显著性差异(t=4.787 P＜0.001)。不同监测单位蟑螂侵害情况:太原乘务员公寓最高(6.18%)其次为太原站(6.02%)、太原车辆段(4.82%),太原北站未发现有蟑螂活动。不同场所蟑螂侵害情况:餐饮场所最高(12.68%),其次为售货部门(5%),第三是客房(公寓、车站)(3.21%),第四是候车室(1.67%),办公楼及车辆检修车间未有发现。侵害率季节消长趋势,用粘捕法调查,蟑螂侵害率自5月始有升高趋势,其中以5月、9-11月较高,12月下降。(4)室内外气温气湿的比较:全年室内外温度有差异显著性(F=25.75 P＜0.001),全年室内外湿度无差异显著性(F=0.29P＞0.05);室内温度11.9℃—30.1℃,平均温度21.05℃:室内相对湿度52%-91.5%,平均湿度76.17%,属高湿环境。室内外温湿度的季节变化趋势:全年室外气温自3月份上升,6月份最高,11月份开始下降;室内气温与室外气温变化趋势基本一致,以6月最高12月最低。室外气湿年变化不大,以11月、12月较低:室内湿度年变化以5、6月最高,11月12月较低,与室外气湿基本一致。(5)室内温湿度对蟑螂侵害率、蟑螂密度季节消长趋势的影响:粘捕法成、若虫和总密度与温度无相关关系,成虫密度与相对湿度无相关关系,但若虫密度、总密度与相对湿度均有负相关关系(r若=-0.664,P成=0.018,N=12:r总=-0.671,P总=0.017,N=12)。从季节消长趋势方面来看,温度的消长与蟑螂密度、侵害率消长的趋势一致,而湿度的消长则不完全一致,仅在11-12月气湿降低与蟑密度下降趋势相吻合。结论:(1)通过两种方法对蟑密度和侵害率两个指标检测结果的比较分析,粘捕法优于药激法。在蟑螂密度季节消长调查、侵害率调查和防治效果考核当中,粘捕法检出率高于药激法,结果稳定、可靠、真实,建议首选粘捕法;在灭蟑效果考核和灭蟑先进单位评选中和其它一些调查研究的预实验中,药激法因为易于突查,调查周期短,便于操作,建议首选药激法。(2)太原铁路地区蟑螂种群分布调查仅发现德国小蠊一种。蟑螂密度季节消长趋势显示,全年各月均有蟑螂活动,其中以5、7、9、10、11月份较高。(3)不同监测单位蟑螂侵害情况:太原乘务员公寓最高(6.18%)其次为太原站(6.02%)、太原车辆段(4.82%),太原北站未发现有蟑螂活动。不同场所蟑螂侵害情况:餐饮场所最高(12.68%),其次为售货部门(5%),第三是客房(3.21%),第四是候车室(1.67%),办公及车辆检修车间未有发现。蟑螂侵害率消长趋势显示,从5月开始升高,全年有两个高峰,其中以5月、9-11月较高。(4)室内温度季节消长变化与蟑螂密度和侵害率季节消长趋势一致,自5月开始有升高趋势,其中以5月、9-11月较高,12月下降。室内湿度年变化不大,1到10月属高湿季节,其它时期气湿较低,室内温湿度对蟑螂的生长繁殖均有影响,温度可能是主要影响因素。(5)要在蟑螂生长繁殖与活动的高峰来临之前即冬春季,及时采取大规模防制活动,以有效控制蟑螂危害。
[Abstract]:OBJECTIVE:On the basis of analyzing and comparing the application value of sticking capture method and drug stimulation method in monitoring the density of cockroaches and checking the control effect of cockroaches,to select the appropriate method to investigate and understand the current situation of cockroaches invasion,population distribution and seasonal fluctuation trend in Taiyuan railway area,so as to better control the cockroaches with rational drug use. Hazards provide theoretical basis.
Methods: (1) Investigation subjects: Taiyuan Railway Station, Taiyuan North Railway Station, Taiyuan depot (passenger train depot stop, maintenance), Taiyuan crew apartment as the investigation object. (2) Investigation methods: 1) The investigation point was randomly determined by sticking method to put uniform specifications of sticky cockroach board, with fresh sweet bread as bait (2g / sheet), every 15-2 standard rooms. One sheet of cloth was placed in the place where cockroaches were active, and the cloth was put at night and harvested in the morning, and counted and classified. No less than 10 sheets were placed at each point, and each investigation point was relatively fixed in each place. 2 Investigation points of drug stimulation method were determined by drug stimulation method. Linear spraying of insecticide aerosol was used to spray the wall and object gap at the place where sticky cockroaches were placed in the same place. The number of cockroaches was recorded and classified after 1 minute.3 The indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity were measured at each site during the population density and seasonal fluctuation survey. The wet-bulb yarn was ventilated with distilled water to wet the DHM2 dry-wet thermometer, tightly wound, and the watch was suspended with the height of the breathing belt, and the reading was made after 10 minutes.4 The cockroach population identification will be used. Cockroaches caught by sticking method or drug stimulation method were identified under anatomical microscope according to the key list of cockroach species. _Investigation time: January to December 2006, once a month in the middle of the survey. The interval between the two surveys was not less than 7 days for the drug-treated sites.
Result: (1) Comparing the results of sticking method and drug stimulation method, the density of adult by sticking method (0.0779 cockroaches per board) was significantly higher than that by drug stimulation method (0.0244 cockroaches per point) (z = - 2.29 P = 0.022), and nymph density by sticking method (0.4193 cockroaches per board) was significantly higher than that by drug stimulation method (0.049 cockroaches per board). The density of insects (0.0464/point) (z = - 2.353 P = 0.019), the total density of sticking method (0.4968/plate) was significantly higher than that of pesticide stimulation method (0.0716/point) (z = - 2.432 P = 0.015). The annual average invasion rate of sticking method (12.4% + 7.2479) was significantly higher than that of pesticide stimulation method (2.85% + 2.42345) (t = 4.787 P = 0.01). Long-term trend: 745 adult cockroaches were caught in all monitoring sites in Taiyuan Railway area, the ratio of male to female was 1.45:1, all of them were Blattella germanica; the seasonal fluctuation trend of cockroaches was investigated by stick-capture method. Cockroach activity and nymph density of cockroaches were observed in Taiyuan Railway area all year round, and the total density increased month by month from May to December, and decreased in May, July, September, October and November. (3) Cockroach infestation in Taiyuan Railway area: Compared with the pesticide stimulation method, the average annual infestation rate was 12.4%, and the pesticide stimulation method was 2.85%. Cockroach infestation in different monitoring units: Taiyuan crew apartment was the highest (6.18%) followed by Taiyuan Station (6.02%) and Taiyuan depot (4.82%). No cockroach activity was found in Taiyuan North Station. The rate of cockroach infestation increased from May to December, and it was higher in May, September to November, and decreased in December. (4) Comparison of indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity: There was a significant difference between indoor and outdoor temperature throughout the year (F = 25.75 P < 0.001), and there was no difference in indoor and outdoor humidity throughout the year. The difference was significant (F = 0.29P > 0.05); the indoor temperature was 11.9 30.1, the average temperature was 21.05: the indoor relative humidity was 52% - 91.5%, and the average humidity was 76.17%. The seasonal variation trend of indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity was: the outdoor temperature increased in March, the highest in June, and began to decline in November; the variation trend of indoor and outdoor temperature was basically the same. The annual variation of indoor humidity was the highest in May and June, and the lowest in November and December, which was basically the same as that of outdoor humidity. (5) The influence of indoor temperature and humidity on cockroach invasion rate and seasonal fluctuation trend of cockroach density: stick catching method, nymph and total density had no correlation with temperature. There was no correlation between insect density and relative humidity, but there was a negative correlation between nymph density, total density and relative humidity (r = 0.664, P = 0.018, N = 12:r = 0.671, P = 0.017, N = 12). The trend of seasonal fluctuation of temperature was consistent with that of cockroach density and damage rate, but the fluctuation of humidity was not completely consistent, only at 1. The decrease of gas humidity in 1-12 months coincided with the decreasing trend of cockroach density.
Conclusion: (1) By comparing the results of cockroach density and damage rate, the sticking method is superior to the drug shock method. In the selection of advanced cockroach-killing units and other preliminary experiments, the drug-stimulation method is recommended as the first choice because it is easy to make a sudden investigation, short investigation period and easy to operate. (2) The survey of cockroach population distribution in Taiyuan railway area only found one species of cockroach. The seasonal fluctuation trend of cockroach density shows that cockroach activity occurs every month of the year, including cockroach activity. Cockroaches in different monitoring units were the highest (6.18%), followed by Taiyuan Station (6.02%), Taiyuan vehicle depot (4.82%) and Taiyuan North Station (4.82%). Fourthly, the waiting room (1.67%) was not found in the office and vehicle repair workshop. The trend of cockroach infestation rate showed that it increased from May to the end of the year, and there were two peaks, the highest of which was from May to September to November. (4) The seasonal variation of indoor temperature was consistent with the seasonal fluctuation of cockroach density and infestation rate. The indoor humidity changes little from January to October, and the humidity is low in other periods. The indoor temperature and humidity have an effect on the growth and reproduction of cockroaches. Temperature may be the main influencing factor. (5) Large-scale control activities should be taken in time in winter and spring before the peak of cockroaches'growth and reproduction and activities. Control cockroach harms.
【学位授予单位】：山西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R184

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