灭螺成分的提取分离、结构剖析及对鱼虾毒性的研究
发布时间：2018-08-29 07:33
【摘要】： 血吸虫病(Schistosomiasis)是严重危害人类健康和社会经济发展的重大传染性疾病。我国流行的是日本血吸虫病,钉螺是其生育的唯一中间宿主,也是同鱼虾共生的水陆两栖软体动物,因此,选择性控制钉螺是防治血吸虫病传播的关键技术之一。Nic是WHO唯一推荐、国内外广泛使用的化学灭螺药物,但因其对水生动物的毒性大、价格昂贵等弊病限制了其广泛应用,因而研制环境友好、价格低廉的新型灭螺药物已成为当今社会经济发展的迫切需求。作者从灭螺植物SX中纯化生物碱单体灭螺药物(成分),研究鱼虾酯酶和转氨酶反应的动力学特性及对灭螺药物的敏感性,成果为灭螺药物提供了设计依据。主要研究结果如下: 1、生物碱SX3的纯化及结构剖析研究。 采用酸碱法、CCL法及重结晶法,从SX果实中分离纯化单体灭螺成分SX3,纯度96.12%,相对分子质量721,元素比1.489%N、62.14%C、7.215%H,经IR检测推定SX3可能一种新灭螺成分。 2、生物碱SX3的活性测定。 用WHO试验法测定,在200 mg/L的SX3药液中浸泡钉螺24h,其上爬抑制率和死亡率均为100%;用平板抑菌法测定,在含50 mg/L SX3的培养皿中培养棉花枯萎菌、水稻纹枯菌、黄瓜灰霉菌、小麦赤霉菌、苹果轮纹菌及棉花炭疽菌等菌物,其生长抑制率分别为21.05、21.37、18.52、26.09、24.53及4.55%。结果说明SX3具有抑杀钉螺和广谱抑菌的活性。 3、鲫鱼和青虾AChE(脑)、GPT和GOT(肝脏)的动力学特性研究。 用L_(25)(5~6)正交试验法测定结果说明,因生物和酶不同,其动力学特性各异,这为灭螺药物机理研究提供了试验方法(依据)。鲫鱼和青虾各酶的动力学特性归纳如下: 4、鲫鱼和青虾AChE、GPT、GOT对灭螺药物的敏感性研究。 在酶促反应最适条件下测定,结果说明同源酶对不同灭螺药物的敏感性不同,来源不同酶对同种药物的敏感性也有差异。成果为新型灭螺药物的筛选提供了重要的参考依据。灭螺药物对酶活力的诱导率如下:
[Abstract]:Schistosomiasis (Schistosomiasis) is a major infectious disease that seriously endangers human health and social economic development. Schistosomiasis japonicum is prevalent in China. Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosomiasis japonicum, and is also a amphibian mollusk symbiotic with fish and shrimp. Selective control of Oncomelania hupensis is one of the key techniques to control the transmission of schistosomiasis. Nic is the only recommended chemical snail killing drug at home and abroad, but its wide application is limited by its toxicity to aquatic animals and high price. Therefore, the development of new snail-killing drugs with friendly environment and low price has become an urgent need of social and economic development. The alkaloid monomers (components) were purified from snail plant SX to study the kinetic characteristics of esterase and aminotransferase reaction of fish and shrimp and their sensitivity to snail killing drugs. The results provided a basis for the design of snail killing drugs. The main results are as follows: 1. Purification and structure analysis of alkaloid SX3. Acid-base method and recrystallization method were used. The monomeric molluscicide SX3, was purified from the fruit of SX with a purity of 96.12, a relative molecular weight of 721 and an element ratio of 1.489N ~ (62.14) C ~ (7.215H). By IR detection, it was presumed that SX3 might be a new component of molluscicide, and the activity of alkaloid SX3 was determined. The inhibition rate of climbing and mortality of Oncomelania hupensis in 200 mg/L SX3 solution for 24 h were determined by WHO test, and the inhibition rate of climbing and mortality of Oncomelania hupensis were both 100% by using plate bacteriostasis method, cotton wilt bacteria, rice grain withered fungus and Cucumber ash fungus were cultured in culture dish containing 50 mg/L SX3 by plate inhibition method. The growth inhibition rates of gibberellae, rotifer of apple and anthrax of cotton were 21.05 ~ 21.37 ~ 18.52 ~ 26.09 ~ 24.53 and 4.55, respectively. The results showed that SX3 had the activity of inhibiting snail and broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity. 3. The kinetic characteristics of AChE and GOT (liver) of crucian carp and prawn were studied. The results of L _ (25) (5 ~ (6) orthogonal test showed that the kinetic characteristics of different organisms and enzymes were different, which provided the experimental method for the study of the mechanism of snail killing drugs. The kinetic characteristics of the enzymes of crucian carp and shrimp were summarized as follows: (4) the sensitivity of crucian carp and shrimp AChE,GPT,GOT to snail killing drugs. Under the optimum conditions of enzymatic reaction, the results showed that the sensitivity of homologous enzymes to different molluscicides was different, and the sensitivity of different enzymes to the same drug was also different. The results provide an important reference basis for screening new snail killing drugs. The induction rate of the enzyme activity was as follows:
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R184
本文编号：2210622
[Abstract]:Schistosomiasis (Schistosomiasis) is a major infectious disease that seriously endangers human health and social economic development. Schistosomiasis japonicum is prevalent in China. Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosomiasis japonicum, and is also a amphibian mollusk symbiotic with fish and shrimp. Selective control of Oncomelania hupensis is one of the key techniques to control the transmission of schistosomiasis. Nic is the only recommended chemical snail killing drug at home and abroad, but its wide application is limited by its toxicity to aquatic animals and high price. Therefore, the development of new snail-killing drugs with friendly environment and low price has become an urgent need of social and economic development. The alkaloid monomers (components) were purified from snail plant SX to study the kinetic characteristics of esterase and aminotransferase reaction of fish and shrimp and their sensitivity to snail killing drugs. The results provided a basis for the design of snail killing drugs. The main results are as follows: 1. Purification and structure analysis of alkaloid SX3. Acid-base method and recrystallization method were used. The monomeric molluscicide SX3, was purified from the fruit of SX with a purity of 96.12, a relative molecular weight of 721 and an element ratio of 1.489N ~ (62.14) C ~ (7.215H). By IR detection, it was presumed that SX3 might be a new component of molluscicide, and the activity of alkaloid SX3 was determined. The inhibition rate of climbing and mortality of Oncomelania hupensis in 200 mg/L SX3 solution for 24 h were determined by WHO test, and the inhibition rate of climbing and mortality of Oncomelania hupensis were both 100% by using plate bacteriostasis method, cotton wilt bacteria, rice grain withered fungus and Cucumber ash fungus were cultured in culture dish containing 50 mg/L SX3 by plate inhibition method. The growth inhibition rates of gibberellae, rotifer of apple and anthrax of cotton were 21.05 ~ 21.37 ~ 18.52 ~ 26.09 ~ 24.53 and 4.55, respectively. The results showed that SX3 had the activity of inhibiting snail and broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity. 3. The kinetic characteristics of AChE and GOT (liver) of crucian carp and prawn were studied. The results of L _ (25) (5 ~ (6) orthogonal test showed that the kinetic characteristics of different organisms and enzymes were different, which provided the experimental method for the study of the mechanism of snail killing drugs. The kinetic characteristics of the enzymes of crucian carp and shrimp were summarized as follows: (4) the sensitivity of crucian carp and shrimp AChE,GPT,GOT to snail killing drugs. Under the optimum conditions of enzymatic reaction, the results showed that the sensitivity of homologous enzymes to different molluscicides was different, and the sensitivity of different enzymes to the same drug was also different. The results provide an important reference basis for screening new snail killing drugs. The induction rate of the enzyme activity was as follows:
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R184
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 王新石;灭螺药物对钉螺和财鱼GOT酶活力及其蛋白表达的影响研究[D];华中师范大学;2011年
，本文编号：2210622
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