黄热病的防控研究进展

发布时间：2018-08-28 17:24

【摘要】：黄热病是一种经蚊媒传播的自然疫源性疾病,在历史上曾引起欧洲港口城市及美洲一些地区疫情的暴发,给人类社会造成巨大的灾难。上世纪40年代,投入可终身免疫的17D系列疫苗对暴发地区的人群进行大面积接种以来,该病一度出现沉寂状态。但自上世纪90年代初,该病又陆续在非洲、南美热带地区和国家暴发流行,病死人数甚至超过2014年在西非3国暴发流行的埃博拉热;特别是2016-2017年在安哥拉、刚果和巴西流行以来,已经夺走了数千人的生命;此外,2016年我国从安哥拉输入了11例病例,这是有史以来亚洲首见疫情,引起我国政府的高度重视。世界卫生组织(WHO)制定了2017-2026年消除黄热病流行的策略,其主要依据在于17D疫苗能够安全有效的控制本病的流行。蚊媒控制及疫苗预防接种,特别是对后者抱有很大期望,WHO的消除策略可能实现,但这需要有关国家强有力的执行保证,同时还需要各国共同遵守全球检疫条例的规定。为此,本文从历史及近期黄热病暴发流行的特点,结合预防接种简述了有关本病的的防控措施,期望WHO消除黄热病流行的策略能在2026年成功实现。
[Abstract]:Yellow fever is a natural epidemic disease transmitted by mosquito. In history, yellow fever has caused outbreaks in European port cities and some parts of America, and caused great disaster to human society. In the 1940s, the 17D series vaccine, which could be used to vaccinate the population in the outbreak area, had been in a state of silence since it was inoculated in a large area in the 1940s. However, since the early 1990s, the disease has continued to break out in Africa, tropical South America and countries, and the number of deaths is even higher than that of Ebola fever, which broke out in three West African countries in 2014; in particular, in Angola in 2016-2017, Thousands of lives have been lost in Congo and Brazil since the epidemic; in addition, 11 cases were imported from Angola in 2016, the first ever outbreak in Asia, which has attracted the attention of our government. The World Health Organization (WHO) has formulated a strategy to eliminate yellow fever in 2017-2026, which is mainly based on the 17D vaccine's ability to control the epidemic safely and effectively. Mosquito vector control and vaccination, especially the latter, have great expectations that WHO's elimination strategy may be achieved, but this requires strong enforcement guarantees from the countries concerned, as well as joint compliance with global quarantine regulations. In this paper, based on the characteristics of yellow fever outbreak in history and recent years, combined with the preventive inoculation, the prevention and control measures of this disease are briefly described. It is hoped that the strategy of eliminating yellow fever epidemic by WHO can be successfully realized in 2026.
【作者单位】：福建省疾病预防控制中心;
【基金】：闽科计[2016]9号社会发展引导性(重点)项目资助(No.2017Y0011)~~
【分类号】：R183;R512.8

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