中国动物源性传染病防制多部门合作机制研究

发布时间：2018-09-07 16:49

【摘要】： [目的] 调查研究国内外动物源性传染病防制中部门间的合作现状、合作方式,分析研究合作中存在的问题及其原因,探讨适合我国国情的动物源性传染病防制多部门合作机制。 [方法] 通过文献资料查询、现场调研、专题小组讨论、关键人物访谈、专家咨询和论证会以及问卷调查等方法,定性定量相结合,收集国内外相关部门法律、法规、政策文件以及有关研究文献等资料,深入现场调查相关部门合作现状和方式,分析研究影响我国多部门合作的主要原因,收集多部门合作机制的对策和建议。 [结果] 1.1动物源性传染病防制体制不健全我国动物源性传染病防制体系长期实行条块分割管理,卫生部门负责人间动物源性传染病防制工作,农业部负责动物疫病,其他部门主要视疫情性质介入。政府主导作用不强,相关部门职能定位不明确,职能交叉与缺位并存,私营部门与公众的参与和责任意识不强。相关部门工作深度和介入的程度不同,部门之间缺乏交流与沟通。相关部门基本理顺系统内上下级协调关系,系统外同级协调尚有一定难度。对重大动物源性传染病防制一般采取危机管理模式,缺乏健全的、系统的常设管理机构。 1.2动物源性传染病防制经费不足我国政府对动物源性传染病防制专项经费投入不足,地方政府配套资金不匹配。基层部门防疫经费严重短缺。基层部门缺乏基本的运转经费,人员素质和技术水平难以提升,基层疫情信息资料可靠性无法保证。基层部门间合作处于应付状态,卫生部门在追踪动物源性传染病传染源时,农业部门才开始控制动物疫病,这种方式基本属于工作倒置。动物扑杀的补偿标准过低,动物养殖者极易于隐瞒报疫情。 1.3部门疫情信息尚未实现共享我国疾病控制信息系统的功能有待于进一步完善。单独依靠卫生信息系统来监测疫情,难以适应大卫生观念下的传染病防制工作需要。疫情信息报告流程中存在行政部门干预行为,疫情信息报告相关规章制度有待完善。信息在本部门系统内基本上实现共享,部门系统外尚有难度,信息资源利用不充分,传染病预警预测能力不强。 1.4多部门合作方式有待于加强完善动物源性传染病防制比较复杂,需要涉及多个部门合作,而单独依靠卫生或农业部门,很难控制动物源性传染病的流行蔓延。在政府主导下,多部门合作不但要加强还要逐步扩展。部门间尚未建立长效的沟通交流平台,部门间合作实战演练不足,信息和专家资源有待于进一步整合利用。动物源性传染病基础性和应用型研究不深入,我国动物源性传染病本底资料库尚未建立。 [结论和建议] 我国动物源性传染病防制应建立以政府主导,卫生和农业部门为主的多部门参与合作机制。建议我国实行政府主导,充分发挥卫生、农业部门职能优势,深化动物源性传染病管理体制改革,转变政府职能,界定相关部门职能,抓紧制定动物源性传染病防制规划,多渠道筹集资金,加大政府经费投入力度,合理配置卫生资源,加大对基层地区中央财政专项转移支付力度,鼓励地方政府增加配套资金投入,完善相关法律法规,加强传染病防制工作督导与评估,实行部门问责制,加强社会公众健康教育工作,加大社会动员能力,注重国际交流与合作。建议我国在现行体制下,优先建立中央政府主导下的部委级合作机制,为下级多部门合作发挥示范作用。建议相关职能部门加强信息交流与沟通,强化防疫人员相关知识技能培训,部门间共享专家资源,深度开展科研合作,联合开展实战演练,及时排解合作难题。建议我国加强动物疫病跨学科、跨部门研究,尤其是相关基础科学和应用型科学研究,促进相关部门监管关口前移,推动动物源性传染病可追溯体系建设。
[Abstract]:[Objective]
This paper investigates and studies the status quo of inter-departmental cooperation in the prevention and control of animal-borne infectious diseases at home and abroad, the mode of cooperation, the existing problems and their causes, and explores the multi-departmental cooperation mechanism for animal-borne infectious disease prevention and control suitable for China's national conditions.
[method]
Through the methods of literature inquiry, field investigation, panel discussion, key person interview, expert consultation and demonstration meeting and questionnaire survey, this paper collects the relevant laws, regulations, policy documents and relevant research literature at home and abroad, and makes in-depth investigation on the status quo and ways of cooperation among relevant departments, and analyzes the research. The main reasons that affect the multisectoral cooperation in China are the countermeasures and suggestions for collecting multisectoral cooperation mechanism.
[results]
1.1 the prevention and control system of animal infectious diseases is not perfect.
China's animal-borne infectious disease prevention and control system has been implemented for a long time, with the health department in charge of the prevention and control of human animal-borne infectious diseases, the Ministry of Agriculture in charge of animal epidemics, and other departments involved mainly according to the nature of the epidemic situation. Public participation and sense of responsibility are not strong. Departments with different working depth and degree of involvement lack of communication and communication between departments. Departments concerned basically straighten out the coordination relationship between the upper and lower levels within the system. It is still difficult to coordinate with their counterparts outside the system. The standing management system of the system.
1.2 insufficient funds for prevention and control of animal infectious diseases.
There is a serious shortage of funds for epidemic prevention in grass-roots departments. The grass-roots departments lack basic operating funds, personnel quality and technical level are difficult to upgrade, and the reliability of epidemic information at grass-roots level can not be guaranteed. When the health department traces the source of animal-borne infectious disease, the agricultural department begins to control the animal epidemic. This is basically an inversion of work.
The 1.3 sector has yet to share information on epidemic situation.
The function of the disease control information system in China needs to be further improved. It is difficult to monitor the epidemic situation solely by means of health information system to meet the needs of infectious disease prevention and control under David's concept. It is difficult to realize sharing within the system, outside the Department system, insufficient use of information resources and weak ability of infectious disease warning and forecasting.
1.4 multi sector cooperation needs to be strengthened and improved.
The prevention and control of animal-borne infectious diseases is complex and involves cooperation of many departments. However, it is difficult to control the spread of animal-borne infectious diseases by relying solely on the health or agricultural sectors. The basic and applied research on animal-borne infectious diseases is not in-depth, and the background database of animal-borne infectious diseases in China has not yet been established.
[conclusions and recommendations]
In order to prevent and control animal-borne infectious diseases in China, a multi-sectoral cooperation mechanism should be established, which is led by the government and dominated by the health and agricultural sectors.
It is suggested that China should implement the government-led policy, give full play to the functional advantages of the health and agricultural departments, deepen the reform of the management system of animal-borne infectious diseases, transform the functions of the government, define the functions of the relevant departments, draw up plans for the prevention and control of animal-borne infectious diseases, raise funds through various channels, increase the input of government funds, rationally allocate health resources, and intensify efforts to prevent and control animal-borne infectious diseases. Local governments are encouraged to invest more matching funds, improve relevant laws and regulations, strengthen supervision and evaluation of infectious disease prevention and control, implement department accountability system, strengthen public health education, increase social mobilization capacity, and focus on international exchanges and cooperation.
It is suggested that under the current system, priority should be given to the establishment of a ministerial-ministerial cooperation mechanism under the leadership of the central government to play a demonstration role for the cooperation among the lower levels and departments. It is suggested that China should strengthen interdisciplinary and interdepartmental research on animal epidemics, especially on basic and applied sciences, and promote the supervision of relevant departments and the traceability system of animal-borne infectious diseases.
【学位授予单位】：中国协和医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R184

【参考文献】