莱芜地区传染性疾病患者医院感染的调查

发布时间：2018-10-08 17:42

【摘要】：目的探讨莱芜地区传染性疾病患者发生医院感染的常见病原菌和危险因素,以期为提高临床对传染性疾病医院感染的预防及诊治水平提供参考。方法选取2004年4月-2013年3月医院收治的传染性疾病手术患者338例,对患者的临床资料及治疗情况进行回顾性分析;采用SPSS13.0软件进行分析,计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验。结果 338例传染性疾病患者发生医院感染104例,感染率30.77%;其中切口感染74例占21.89%,呼吸道感染51例占15.09%,21例患者为多部位感染占4.44%;共检出病原菌133株,其中革兰阳性菌63株占47.37%,革兰阴性菌51株占38.34%,真菌19株占14.29%;主要革兰阳性菌对万古霉素高度敏感,对呋喃妥因也较为敏感;而对氨苄西林/舒巴坦、红霉素、青霉素等表现出了较高的耐药性,主要革兰阴性菌普遍对氨苄西林高度耐药,而对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦以及美罗培南表现出较高的敏感性;传染性疾病患者的年龄、合并糖尿病及治疗情况均与术后医院感染的发生密切相关(P0.05)。结论当传染性疾病患者需要进行手术时,应提高患者的自身免疫力,同时提高医护人员的专业素养、缩短手术时间,减少手术损伤;一旦发生感染,应立即采集标本进行细菌培养,并根据经验应用抗菌药物,待药敏试验结果出来后及时对用药进行调整。
[Abstract]:Objective to explore the common pathogens and risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with infectious diseases in Laiwu area, and to provide reference for the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of nosocomial infections of infectious diseases. Methods 338 patients with infectious diseases were selected from April 2004 to March 2013, the clinical data and treatment were analyzed retrospectively, the data were analyzed by SPSS13.0 software, and the measured data were analyzed by t test. The count data were analyzed by 蠂 2 test. Results there were 104 cases of nosocomial infection in 338 patients with infectious diseases, and the infection rate was 30.7777. Among them, 74 cases had incision infection (21.89%), 51 cases had respiratory tract infection (15.09%), 21 cases had multisite infection (4.44%), 133 strains of pathogenic bacteria had been detected. Among them, 63 strains of Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 47.37%, 51 strains of Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 38.34 and 19 strains of fungi accounted for 14.29.The main gram-positive bacteria were highly sensitive to vancomycin and also sensitive to furantoin, while to ampicillin / sulbactam, erythromycin, The main gram-negative bacteria showed high resistance to ampicillin, while to imipenem, cefoperazone / sulbactam and meropenem. Diabetes mellitus and treatment were closely related to postoperative nosocomial infection (P0.05). Conclusion when patients with infectious diseases need to be operated on, they should improve their own immunity, improve their professional quality, shorten the operation time and reduce the operation injury. The samples should be collected immediately for bacterial culture, and antibiotics should be applied according to experience, and the medication should be adjusted immediately after the results of the drug sensitivity test came out.
【作者单位】：莱芜市疾病预防控制中心食品营养与学生保健科;
【基金】：山东省医学科研基金项目(鲁科鉴字[2008]026)
【分类号】：R181.32

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