青南高原多房棘球绦虫中间宿主分布与环境因素关系的研究
发布时间：2018-10-23 07:40
【摘要】： 泡型包虫病(Alveolar echinococcosis,AE)是一种由多房棘球绦虫的幼虫寄生于动物或人体内而致的重要人兽共患寄生虫病。广泛流行于我国的西部地区,严重影响着我国西部地区的人群健康和经济发展。多房棘球绦虫的地理分布取决于其自然终宿主和中间宿主的存在,啮齿目和兔形目动物是多房棘球绦虫的重要中间宿主。本研究通过对青南高原的称多县进行现场调查,发现高原鼠兔和青海田鼠为主要的中间宿主,在青南高原的草场上广泛存在,两种动物的总洞穴密度为88.2个/100m~2,其中高原鼠兔洞穴密度为40.4个/100 m~2,青海田鼠洞穴密度为47.8个/100 m~2。病理学检查发现,两种动物泡球蚴和石渠棘球蚴的总感染率为2.46%,其中高原鼠兔感染率为4.36%,青海田鼠感染率为1%,高原鼠兔的感染率高于青海田鼠(X~2=9.41,P＜0.05)。同时当地居民进行了B超检查,泡型包虫病的患病率为8.70%(4/46)。结果表明:青南高原是泡型包虫病的流行区,两种中间宿主动物高原鼠兔和青海田鼠是主要的中间宿主,分布广泛,其密度有增加的趋势,有导致当地泡型包虫病的传播压力和流行上升的风险。 通过单因素分析发现,高原鼠兔和青海田鼠的分布与土壤类型和植被类型有关。高原鼠兔主要分布在高山草甸土和高山草原土两种土壤类型中,密度显著高于高山灌丛草甸土和草甸沼泽土中的密度(P＜0.05)。青海田鼠主要分布在草甸沼泽土中,密度显著高于高山草原土土壤类型中的密度(P＜0.05);高原鼠兔主要分布在高山草甸中,密度显著高于高寒灌丛(P＜0.05),沼泽化草甸中的密度居中,高寒灌丛中的密度最低;而青海田鼠主要在沼泽化草甸中,密度显著高于高山草甸和高寒灌丛中的密度(P＜0.05)。两种中间宿主动物的分布具有聚集性和空间自相关性,并验证了其分布类型为负二项分布。 运用现场调查数据和RS/GIS提取数据,探讨了多房棘球绦虫中间宿主分布与环境因素之间的关系,建立了多房棘球绦虫中间宿主的负二项分布回归模型,分别找出了高原鼠兔和青海田鼠分布的主要环境影响因子。鼠兔的分布主要与土壤类型、是否为围栏牧场、草高度即植被长势有关系。青海田鼠的分布主要与地形特征、土壤类型、植被类型、冬夏牧场类型以及植被覆盖度有关系。两种中间宿主分布的共同环境影响因子为地形分类、土壤类型、植被类型、冬夏牧场类型、植被覆盖度以及调查时间段的NDVI。并且对不同环境影响因素的相关方向以及贡献大小作了量化分析。 运用逐步判别的方法建立了判别模型并且进行了判别效果评价。对训练样本进行了回代分析,并且对随机抽取待测样本进行了外推判别符合率检验。高原鼠兔的判别模型回代判别符合率为84.8%;外推判别符合率为85%;青海田鼠的判别模型回代判别符合率为71.4%;外推判别符合率为75%;对二者建立的综合判别模型回代判别符合率为89.3%;外推判别符合率为90%,总体上判别效果较好。本研究建立的多房棘球绦虫中间宿主的负二项分布模型和判别模型,有利于根据地理环境大致判断多房棘球绦虫中间宿主的分布状况,利于鼠防部门有针对性地开展中间宿主防治工作,为制定适宜的泡型包虫病防治策略提供参考依据,为控制泡型包虫病提供了新的思路和依据。
[Abstract]:Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is an important human animal, which is caused by the parasitism of the larvae of the multi-atrial natriuretic peptide in animals or human beings. It is popular in the western region of our country, which seriously affects the population health and economic development in the western region of our country. The geographical distribution depends on the existence of the natural final host and the intermediate host, and the rodent and rabbit eyes are the most important intermediate hosts of the multi-atrial natriuretic peptide. In this study, we conducted the on-the-spot investigation on the county of Qingnan Plateau. It was found that the high altitude mouse and the voles of Qinghai were the main intermediate hosts, and the total cave density of the two animals was 88. 2/ 100m2. Among them, the cave density of the plateau mouse was 40. 4/ 100m ~ 2. The cave density of voles in Qinghai was 47. 8/ 100m ~ 2. The results showed that the total infection rate was 2.46%, the infection rate was 4.36%, the infection rate of voles was 1%, and the infection rate was higher than that of voles in Qinghai (X ~ 2 = 9.41, P <0.05). At the same time, B-ultrasound examination was carried out by local residents, and the prevalence rate of blister-type echinococcosis was 8. 70% (4/ 46). The results showed that the Qingnan Plateau was the epidemic area of blister-type echinococcosis, and the two intermediate host animals, the plateau mouse and the Qinghai voles were the main intermediate hosts, the distribution was extensive, its density had increased tendency, and there was the risk of the spread pressure and the rise of the local vesicle-type echinococcosis. Through single factor analysis, the distribution and soil type and vegetation of voles in plateau and Qinghai were found. The high altitude mouse rabbits were mainly distributed in the soil types of alpine meadow soil and alpine meadow soil, and the density was significantly higher than that in alpine shrub meadow soil and meadow bog soil (P <0 05). The density of Volvoles in Qinghai was higher than that in alpine meadow soil (P <0.05), and the density was significantly higher in alpine meadow than in alpine shrub (P <0.05). The density was the lowest in alpine shrubs, while the density of Voles in Qinghai was significantly higher than that in alpine meadow and alpine shrub (P <0.01).. 05) The distribution of the two intermediate host animals has aggregation and spatial autocorrelation, and verifies that its distribution type is negative By using the field survey data and RS/ GIS to extract data, the relationship between the distribution of the host and the environmental factors in the multi-compartment intertidal zone was studied. The negative binomial distribution regression model was used to find out the distribution of voles in plateau mice and Qinghai respectively. Main environmental impact factor. The distribution of rat rabbit is mainly related to soil type, whether it is fence pasture and grass height. The distribution of voles in Qinghai is mainly related to topographic features, soil type, vegetation type, winter and summer pasture types. and the vegetation coverage is related. The common environmental impact factors of the two intermediate host distributions are terrain classification, soil type, vegetation type, winter and summer pasture type, vegetation coverage and modulation degree. NDVI of time period and related directions of different environmental impact factors as well as tribute The quantitative analysis of the size of the offer was made. The method of stepwise discrimination was used to establish the judgment. The model is not modeled and the evaluation of the effect is carried out. The training samples are analyzed, and the random sampling is to be measured. The coincidence rate of extrapolation is 80.8%, the coincidence rate of extrapolation is 85%, the coincidence rate is 71.4%, and the coincidence rate of extrapolation is 75%. The coincidence rate of the type of return generations is 89.3%, and the coincidence rate of extrapolation is consistent. In this study, the negative binomial distribution model and the discrimination model of the middle host of multi-atrial natriuretic peptide were established. To carry out the intermediate host control work in a targeted manner, provide reference basis for the development of appropriate control strategy of blister-type echinococcosis, and provide control bubble.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R181.3
本文编号：2288541
[Abstract]:Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is an important human animal, which is caused by the parasitism of the larvae of the multi-atrial natriuretic peptide in animals or human beings. It is popular in the western region of our country, which seriously affects the population health and economic development in the western region of our country. The geographical distribution depends on the existence of the natural final host and the intermediate host, and the rodent and rabbit eyes are the most important intermediate hosts of the multi-atrial natriuretic peptide. In this study, we conducted the on-the-spot investigation on the county of Qingnan Plateau. It was found that the high altitude mouse and the voles of Qinghai were the main intermediate hosts, and the total cave density of the two animals was 88. 2/ 100m2. Among them, the cave density of the plateau mouse was 40. 4/ 100m ~ 2. The cave density of voles in Qinghai was 47. 8/ 100m ~ 2. The results showed that the total infection rate was 2.46%, the infection rate was 4.36%, the infection rate of voles was 1%, and the infection rate was higher than that of voles in Qinghai (X ~ 2 = 9.41, P <0.05). At the same time, B-ultrasound examination was carried out by local residents, and the prevalence rate of blister-type echinococcosis was 8. 70% (4/ 46). The results showed that the Qingnan Plateau was the epidemic area of blister-type echinococcosis, and the two intermediate host animals, the plateau mouse and the Qinghai voles were the main intermediate hosts, the distribution was extensive, its density had increased tendency, and there was the risk of the spread pressure and the rise of the local vesicle-type echinococcosis. Through single factor analysis, the distribution and soil type and vegetation of voles in plateau and Qinghai were found. The high altitude mouse rabbits were mainly distributed in the soil types of alpine meadow soil and alpine meadow soil, and the density was significantly higher than that in alpine shrub meadow soil and meadow bog soil (P <0 05). The density of Volvoles in Qinghai was higher than that in alpine meadow soil (P <0.05), and the density was significantly higher in alpine meadow than in alpine shrub (P <0.05). The density was the lowest in alpine shrubs, while the density of Voles in Qinghai was significantly higher than that in alpine meadow and alpine shrub (P <0.01).. 05) The distribution of the two intermediate host animals has aggregation and spatial autocorrelation, and verifies that its distribution type is negative By using the field survey data and RS/ GIS to extract data, the relationship between the distribution of the host and the environmental factors in the multi-compartment intertidal zone was studied. The negative binomial distribution regression model was used to find out the distribution of voles in plateau mice and Qinghai respectively. Main environmental impact factor. The distribution of rat rabbit is mainly related to soil type, whether it is fence pasture and grass height. The distribution of voles in Qinghai is mainly related to topographic features, soil type, vegetation type, winter and summer pasture types. and the vegetation coverage is related. The common environmental impact factors of the two intermediate host distributions are terrain classification, soil type, vegetation type, winter and summer pasture type, vegetation coverage and modulation degree. NDVI of time period and related directions of different environmental impact factors as well as tribute The quantitative analysis of the size of the offer was made. The method of stepwise discrimination was used to establish the judgment. The model is not modeled and the evaluation of the effect is carried out. The training samples are analyzed, and the random sampling is to be measured. The coincidence rate of extrapolation is 80.8%, the coincidence rate of extrapolation is 85%, the coincidence rate is 71.4%, and the coincidence rate of extrapolation is 75%. The coincidence rate of the type of return generations is 89.3%, and the coincidence rate of extrapolation is consistent. In this study, the negative binomial distribution model and the discrimination model of the middle host of multi-atrial natriuretic peptide were established. To carry out the intermediate host control work in a targeted manner, provide reference basis for the development of appropriate control strategy of blister-type echinococcosis, and provide control bubble.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R181.3
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 李俊;伍卫平;;模型在棘球蚴病流行预测中的应用[J];中国人兽共患病学报;2012年05期
，本文编号：2288541
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