张家港市人群乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查
发布时间：2018-11-16 09:29
【摘要】： 目的:了解张家港市人群乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的感染现状及流行特征;了解张家港市不同地区、不同人群乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗免疫接种情况;评价乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免疫策略后的效果,为政府部门进一步制定乙肝的防制措施提供科学依据。 方法:(1)抽样方法:采用多级随机抽样法。在张家港市9镇范围内抽取2个镇;在每个抽到的镇随机抽取1个居民委员会或1个村民委员会作为调查现场;在每个调查现场按照1～4岁、5～14岁、15～59岁年龄组,分别以村庄、个体、家庭为单位进行抽样,抽取足够的调查对象。(2)调查方法:对每个调查对象按统一调查表进行询问调查,同时采集静脉血,分离血清,低温保存,检测相关指标。(3)检测方法:用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)。检测在中国疾病预防控制中心病毒所进行,检测试剂采用厦门英科新创生物技术有限公司生产的ELISA试剂。(4)统计方法:所有资料录入EpiData3.1数据库后,用SPSS13.0软件进行统计处理和分析。 结果:(1)人口学特征:调查对象涉及到不同地区、年龄、性别、文化程度、职业、婚姻等。其中1～4岁、5～14岁、15～59岁年龄构成比分别为19.61%、30.32%和50.08%;男女性别比为1:1.03。(2)乙肝疫苗接种情况:张家港市人群平均乙肝疫苗接种率为50.83%;不同地区人群乙肝疫苗接种率无显著性差异;15岁以下人群组乙肝疫苗接种率(99.09%)明显高于15岁以上人群组(2.71%)。(3)HBV感染标志血清流行病学特征:人群中HBsAg阳性率为5.73%(38/663),抗-HBs阳性率为52.19%(346/663),抗-HBc阳性率为24.43%(162/663),HBV感染率为32.43%(215/663)。不同地区人群HBsAg阳性率无显著性差异;15岁以下人群组HBsAg阳性率明显低于15岁以上人群组,其中1～4岁人群组抗-HBs阳性率和5～14岁组无显著性差异;人群中HBsAg阳性率男性和女性无显著性差异。 结论:张家港市乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫后效果显著,有效降低了人群HBsAg携带率和HBV感染率,已经从高流行地区进入中流行地区(2%≤HBsAg阳性率8%);其中1992年乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫管理以后出生的15岁以下人群HBsAg阳性率发生显著下降,特别是5岁以下人群下降幅度更加明显,实现WHO西太区制定的5岁以下人群HBsAg阳性率控制在2%以下的目标;而20岁以上人群HBsAg阳性率变化不明显;说明实施大规模乙肝疫苗接种是控制HBV感染最有效的措施,提示今后在重点做好计划免疫人群乙肝疫苗接种的同时,还应提高成人乙肝疫苗免疫接种。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the present situation and epidemic characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Zhangjiagang population, and to understand the vaccination status of hepatitis B vaccine in different areas and different populations in Zhangjiagang city. To evaluate the effect of hepatitis B vaccine in children's immunization strategy, and to provide scientific basis for government departments to make further prevention and control measures of hepatitis B. Methods: (1) sampling method: multistage random sampling method was used. In Zhangjiagang City, 2 towns were selected within the scope of 9 towns, 1 resident committee or 1 villagers committee was randomly selected from each of the selected towns as the investigation site. At each site, samples were taken from villages, individuals and households according to the age groups of 1 to 4 years, 5 to 14 years, 15 to 59 years of age, respectively. (2) investigation methods: each of the subjects was investigated according to the unified questionnaire, and the venous blood was collected at the same time, the serum was separated, and the hypothermia was preserved. (3) Detection methods: (ELISA) was used to detect (HBsAg), hepatitis B virus surface antibody (anti HBs) and hepatitis B virus core antibody (anti HBc).) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). The test was carried out at the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the reagents were ELISA reagents produced by Xiamen Inco New Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (4) Statistical methods: all the data were entered into the EpiData3.1 database, Use SPSS13.0 software for statistical processing and analysis. Results: (1) demographic characteristics: subjects involved in different regions, age, sex, education, occupation, marriage and so on. Among them, the age composition ratios of 1, 4, 5, 15 and 59 years old were 19.61% and 50.08%, respectively. The sex ratio of male and female was 1: 1.03. (2) the vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine in Zhangjiagang city was 50.83%, but there was no significant difference in the coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine among different population in Zhangjiagang city. The hepatitis B vaccination rate (99.09%) in the population under 15 years old was significantly higher than that in the group over 15 years old (2.71%). (3). The positive rate of HBsAg was 5.73% (38 / 663). The positive rate of anti-HBs was 52.19% (346 / 663) and the positive rate of anti-HBc was 24.43% (162 / 663), HBV infection rate was 32.43% (215 / 663). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of HBsAg among different population groups, the positive rate of HBsAg in the group of people under 15 years old was significantly lower than that in the group of people over 15 years old, and there was no significant difference in the positive rate of anti-HBs in the group of 1 or 4 years old and the group of 5 ~ 14 years old. There was no significant difference in HBsAg positive rate between male and female. Conclusion: the effect of hepatitis B vaccine in Zhangjiagang city is remarkable after it is included in the children's plan immunization, and it can effectively reduce the carrying rate of HBsAg and the infection rate of HBV in the population. It has already entered the middle epidemic area from the high epidemic area (2% 鈮，
本文编号：2335141
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the present situation and epidemic characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Zhangjiagang population, and to understand the vaccination status of hepatitis B vaccine in different areas and different populations in Zhangjiagang city. To evaluate the effect of hepatitis B vaccine in children's immunization strategy, and to provide scientific basis for government departments to make further prevention and control measures of hepatitis B. Methods: (1) sampling method: multistage random sampling method was used. In Zhangjiagang City, 2 towns were selected within the scope of 9 towns, 1 resident committee or 1 villagers committee was randomly selected from each of the selected towns as the investigation site. At each site, samples were taken from villages, individuals and households according to the age groups of 1 to 4 years, 5 to 14 years, 15 to 59 years of age, respectively. (2) investigation methods: each of the subjects was investigated according to the unified questionnaire, and the venous blood was collected at the same time, the serum was separated, and the hypothermia was preserved. (3) Detection methods: (ELISA) was used to detect (HBsAg), hepatitis B virus surface antibody (anti HBs) and hepatitis B virus core antibody (anti HBc).) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). The test was carried out at the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the reagents were ELISA reagents produced by Xiamen Inco New Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (4) Statistical methods: all the data were entered into the EpiData3.1 database, Use SPSS13.0 software for statistical processing and analysis. Results: (1) demographic characteristics: subjects involved in different regions, age, sex, education, occupation, marriage and so on. Among them, the age composition ratios of 1, 4, 5, 15 and 59 years old were 19.61% and 50.08%, respectively. The sex ratio of male and female was 1: 1.03. (2) the vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine in Zhangjiagang city was 50.83%, but there was no significant difference in the coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine among different population in Zhangjiagang city. The hepatitis B vaccination rate (99.09%) in the population under 15 years old was significantly higher than that in the group over 15 years old (2.71%). (3). The positive rate of HBsAg was 5.73% (38 / 663). The positive rate of anti-HBs was 52.19% (346 / 663) and the positive rate of anti-HBc was 24.43% (162 / 663), HBV infection rate was 32.43% (215 / 663). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of HBsAg among different population groups, the positive rate of HBsAg in the group of people under 15 years old was significantly lower than that in the group of people over 15 years old, and there was no significant difference in the positive rate of anti-HBs in the group of 1 or 4 years old and the group of 5 ~ 14 years old. There was no significant difference in HBsAg positive rate between male and female. Conclusion: the effect of hepatitis B vaccine in Zhangjiagang city is remarkable after it is included in the children's plan immunization, and it can effectively reduce the carrying rate of HBsAg and the infection rate of HBV in the population. It has already entered the middle epidemic area from the high epidemic area (2% 鈮，
本文编号：2335141
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