荣宝杀灭钉螺的效果和机理研究
发布时间：2018-12-14 21:32
【摘要】： 目的:评价荣宝杀灭钉螺的效果,探讨适宜现场的施药剂量和方法;研究荣宝的有效杀螺成分及其杀螺效果;探讨荣宝有效杀螺成分作用于钉螺引起的组织学改变,研究荣宝的杀螺机理,为全面科学推广应用提供科学依据。 方法:采用浸泡杀灭和喷洒杀灭方法在室内和现场进行荣宝灭螺试验,同时采用机械动力喷粉法在现场进行灭螺试验,对药物的灭螺效果进行观察;采用浸泡方式离心提取荣宝的浸出液,通过杀螺试验、中和试验、对比试验,初步探讨荣宝的有效杀螺成分;通过连续病理切片分析荣宝有效杀螺成分对钉螺的组织学改变。 结果:荣宝50mg/L和80mg/L剂量浸杀5d,室内钉螺死亡率分别为70%和100%,现场自然沟渠内的钉螺死亡率分别为81.29%和94.59%。荣宝30g/m~2剂量喷洒1d,室内钉螺死亡率为100%。现场采用喷洒和喷粉方法施药7d,钉螺死亡率分别为80.38%和70.73%;荣宝25、50、100、200mg/L剂量24h浸出液72h的钉螺死亡率分别为20%、85%、100%和100%,荣宝200mg/L剂量1-5天连续浸出液浸杀48h,钉螺死亡率分别为100%、10%、5%、5%、15%。荣宝浸出液在200nm、205nm和215nm波长处有明显吸收峰。在205nm波长处,荣宝25、50、100mg/L剂量中和液和单氰胺6.25、12.5、25mg/L剂量溶液的0D值分别为0.021、0.070、0.172、0.028、0.072和0.171。48h浸杀的钉螺死亡率分别为40%、95%、100%、20%、90%和100%;经荣宝200mg/L剂量浸出液处理后,钉螺组织切片显示外套膜上皮细胞崩裂、剥落、基底层裸露,分泌颗粒减少。鳃条细胞膨胀,表面呈毛刺状,中央血管破裂。腹足平滑肌细胞水肿膨胀,细胞膜融合,呈玻璃样变。肝小叶萎缩,肝内血管膨胀破裂,分泌颗粒显著减少。 结论:荣宝50mg/L剂量浸杀和30g/m~2剂量喷杀均具有较强杀螺效果。现场荣宝喷粉的杀螺效果优于喷洒,可以因地制宜选择施药方法;荣宝是微溶物质,杀螺有效成分在短期内可通过水解释放大部分,分离浸出液后的荣宝沉渣无杀螺效果,因此荣宝不具备缓释杀螺特点。荣宝是种混合物,主要成分是氰胺化钙。分光光度法可证实其浸出液含单氰胺,是有效杀螺成分,但浸出液中是否含有其他影响杀螺的成分尚需进一步研究;荣宝浸出液作用下,钉螺的外套膜、鳃条、腹足和肝脏都有明显的病理改变。尤其是呼吸系统和肝脏的破坏直接导致钉螺的死亡。
[Abstract]:Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of Rongbao in killing Oncomelania hupensis, to explore the appropriate dose and method of field application, to study the effective components of Rongbao and its effect on snail killing. To study the histological changes caused by the effective snail killing component of Rongbao on snail, to study the snail killing mechanism of Rongbao, and to provide the scientific basis for the comprehensive scientific popularization and application. Methods: the roongbao snail killing test was carried out in the laboratory and the field by soaking and spraying methods, and the snail killing effect of the drug was observed by mechanical dynamic powder spraying method in the field. The leaching solution of Rongbao was extracted by centrifugation by soaking method. The effective snail killing components of Rongbao were preliminarily studied by snail killing test, neutralization test and contrast test, and the histological changes of Rong Bao effective snail killing component on snail were analyzed by continuous pathological section. Results: the mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 70% and 100% in Rong Bao 50mg/L and 80mg/L for 5 days, and 81.29% and 94.59 9% in natural canals, respectively. The indoor mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 100% when Rong Bao 30g/m~2 was sprayed for 1 d. The mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 80.38% and 70.73% respectively by spraying and spraying powder for 7 days. The mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 20% 85% and 100% respectively at the dose of 2550 mg / L for 72 h. The mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 100% and 100%, respectively. The mortality rate of Oncomelania hupensis was 100%, 105 mg / L for 48 h after continuous leaching for 1-5 days at Rong Bao 200mg/L dose, and the mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 100 mg / L, 100 mg / L and 55 mg / L, respectively. There are obvious absorption peaks at 205nm and 215nm wavelength of Rong Bao leachate. At the wavelength of 205nm, the 0 D values of the neutralization solution of Rong Bao 2550mg / L and the dose solution of 6.25mg / L of cyanamide were 0.021U 0.070 0.1720.028% 0.072 and 0.171.48 h respectively. The mortality of the snails immersed in the solution was 40,9595 100,100mg / L, respectively, and the mortality of the snails killed in 0.171.48 h was 4095100mg / L, respectively. 90% and 100%; After treated with Rong Bao 200mg/L solution, the tissue sections of Oncomelania hupensis showed that the epithelial cells of the coat membrane were disintegrating, exfoliating, the basal layer was exposed, and the secretory granules were decreased. Gill cells dilated, the surface was spiny, the central blood vessel ruptured. Gastropoda smooth muscle cells swelling, membrane fusion, glass-like changes. Hepatic lobule atrophy, intrahepatic vasodilation and rupture, secretory granules decreased significantly. Conclusion: Rong Bao 50mg/L dose immersion and 30g/m~2 dose spray have strong effect on snail killing. The spraying effect of Rongbao powder was better than that of spraying, and the application method could be selected according to local conditions. Rongbao is a micro-soluble substance, the effective components of snail killing can be released by hydrolysis in a short period of time, and the residue of Rongbao after separating leaching solution has no effect of killing snails, so Rongbao does not have the characteristics of slow-release snail killing. Rongbao is a mixture of calcium cyanide. It was proved by spectrophotometry that the leaching solution contained cyanamide, which was an effective molluscicidal component, but whether the extract contained other components affecting the molluscicide still needed to be further studied. The membrane Gill and liver of Oncomelania hupensis were obviously changed under the action of Rong Bao leachate. In particular, the destruction of respiratory system and liver leads directly to the death of Oncomelania hupensis.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R184
本文编号：2379356
[Abstract]:Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of Rongbao in killing Oncomelania hupensis, to explore the appropriate dose and method of field application, to study the effective components of Rongbao and its effect on snail killing. To study the histological changes caused by the effective snail killing component of Rongbao on snail, to study the snail killing mechanism of Rongbao, and to provide the scientific basis for the comprehensive scientific popularization and application. Methods: the roongbao snail killing test was carried out in the laboratory and the field by soaking and spraying methods, and the snail killing effect of the drug was observed by mechanical dynamic powder spraying method in the field. The leaching solution of Rongbao was extracted by centrifugation by soaking method. The effective snail killing components of Rongbao were preliminarily studied by snail killing test, neutralization test and contrast test, and the histological changes of Rong Bao effective snail killing component on snail were analyzed by continuous pathological section. Results: the mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 70% and 100% in Rong Bao 50mg/L and 80mg/L for 5 days, and 81.29% and 94.59 9% in natural canals, respectively. The indoor mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 100% when Rong Bao 30g/m~2 was sprayed for 1 d. The mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 80.38% and 70.73% respectively by spraying and spraying powder for 7 days. The mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 20% 85% and 100% respectively at the dose of 2550 mg / L for 72 h. The mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 100% and 100%, respectively. The mortality rate of Oncomelania hupensis was 100%, 105 mg / L for 48 h after continuous leaching for 1-5 days at Rong Bao 200mg/L dose, and the mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 100 mg / L, 100 mg / L and 55 mg / L, respectively. There are obvious absorption peaks at 205nm and 215nm wavelength of Rong Bao leachate. At the wavelength of 205nm, the 0 D values of the neutralization solution of Rong Bao 2550mg / L and the dose solution of 6.25mg / L of cyanamide were 0.021U 0.070 0.1720.028% 0.072 and 0.171.48 h respectively. The mortality of the snails immersed in the solution was 40,9595 100,100mg / L, respectively, and the mortality of the snails killed in 0.171.48 h was 4095100mg / L, respectively. 90% and 100%; After treated with Rong Bao 200mg/L solution, the tissue sections of Oncomelania hupensis showed that the epithelial cells of the coat membrane were disintegrating, exfoliating, the basal layer was exposed, and the secretory granules were decreased. Gill cells dilated, the surface was spiny, the central blood vessel ruptured. Gastropoda smooth muscle cells swelling, membrane fusion, glass-like changes. Hepatic lobule atrophy, intrahepatic vasodilation and rupture, secretory granules decreased significantly. Conclusion: Rong Bao 50mg/L dose immersion and 30g/m~2 dose spray have strong effect on snail killing. The spraying effect of Rongbao powder was better than that of spraying, and the application method could be selected according to local conditions. Rongbao is a micro-soluble substance, the effective components of snail killing can be released by hydrolysis in a short period of time, and the residue of Rongbao after separating leaching solution has no effect of killing snails, so Rongbao does not have the characteristics of slow-release snail killing. Rongbao is a mixture of calcium cyanide. It was proved by spectrophotometry that the leaching solution contained cyanamide, which was an effective molluscicidal component, but whether the extract contained other components affecting the molluscicide still needed to be further studied. The membrane Gill and liver of Oncomelania hupensis were obviously changed under the action of Rong Bao leachate. In particular, the destruction of respiratory system and liver leads directly to the death of Oncomelania hupensis.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R184
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 元艺;新型灭钉螺药物氯代水杨胺的应用研究[D];武汉大学;2011年
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