近代北京疫病防治机制的演变

发布时间：2019-07-28 19:10

【摘要】：清末民初,北京的疫病防治经历了较大转变,这不仅得益于为应对疫情设立的各类防治机构,而且得益于日常性疫病防治机制的设立。清末,新成立的警察机构在沿袭传统应对疫病办法的基础上,开始采用宣传疫病知识和推广种痘的方式对抗疫病。民国时期,传染病医院开办后,京师警察厅建立起一套以该院为核心的疫病防治制度,应对突发性疫病。与此同时,新设的中央防疫处致力于研制各类疫苗,为推行注射疫苗预防疫病提供技术性保障。自1934年起,北平市卫生行政机构开始以运动的形式,大规模推行预防疫苗注射,开启了以预防医学为指导的疫病防治新制度。基于上述两种制度,北平形成疫病防治机制,在应对天花、霍乱以及猩红热等地方性传染病中发挥了重要作用。
[Abstract]:At the end of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the prevention and control of epidemic diseases in Beijing underwent great changes, which benefited not only from all kinds of prevention and control institutions set up to deal with the epidemic situation, but also from the establishment of daily epidemic prevention and control mechanisms. At the end of Qing Dynasty, on the basis of following the traditional methods of dealing with epidemic diseases, the newly established police agencies began to propagate the knowledge of epidemic diseases and popularize vaccination to fight the epidemic. During the Republic of China, after the establishment of infectious disease hospital, the Beijing Police Department established a set of epidemic disease prevention and control system with the hospital as the core to deal with sudden epidemic disease. At the same time, the new Central epidemic Prevention Office is committed to the development of various vaccines to provide technical protection for vaccination. Since 1934, the health administrative organization of Beiping City has begun to carry out preventive vaccine injection on a large scale in the form of movement, and has opened a new system of epidemic prevention and control guided by preventive medicine. Based on the above two systems, Peiping forms epidemic prevention and control mechanism, which plays an important role in dealing with local infectious diseases such as smallpox, cholera and scarlet fever.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院近代史研究所;
【分类号】：R184;K25

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