改良极化液对心脏手术患者重要脏器保护作用的初步研究
发布时间:2018-04-11 17:01
本文选题:极化液 + 体外循环 ; 参考:《第四军医大学》2014年硕士论文
【摘要】:研究背景 绝大部分器质性心血管疾病的结构异常只能通过手术来纠治,而大部分心脏手术的实施需要依赖心肺转流(cardiopulmonary bypass, CPB)技术,CPB又称为体外循环(extracorporeal circulation, ECC)。CPB的技术虽然日渐成熟,但是其血液灌注模式仍旧和机体正常生理状态下灌流模式有很大的差别,加之机体强烈的应激反应,可能导致术后重要脏器的功能损害,并影响患者术后功能的恢复。CPB期间机体出现高血糖和高胰岛素,但是胰岛素的靶组织对胰岛素敏感性降低出现葡萄糖的利用降低,最终导致急性胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance, IR),引起相关脏器功能受损。所以如何降低手术中IR,一直是心脏及重要脏器保护领域研究的热点。葡萄糖-胰岛素-氯化钾(Glucose-Insulin-Potassium, GIK)用于心脏围术期心肌保护已经有50余年的历史,但是其临床应用效果却参差不齐。本课题以心脏手术患者为研究对象,探讨CPB时是否诱发IR,改良GIK对心脏是否存在保护作用,并研究其对其他重要脏器的作用,以及观察改良GIK是否对患者术后并发症及死亡率有无影响。 目的 1.探讨CPB下心脏手术患者是否出现急性IR,,并观察改良GIK对急性IR的作用; 2.探讨心脏术后患者重要脏器功能的变化,改良GIK对其是否具有保护作用; 3.观察心脏术后患者并发症以及死亡率,探讨改良GIK对其预后的影响。 方法 ⑴连续选取我院心血管外科诊断为心血管疾病并需要行心血管手术治疗的患者1000例,根据随机数表,分为2组:GIK组497例,对照组(CON组)503例。⑵GIK组患者在麻醉诱导后立即经由中心静脉通过微量注射泵给予改良GIK液(20%葡萄糖750ml,普通胰岛素50u,10%氯化钾45ml),速度60ml/h,而CON组在同时间同种方式给予乳酸林格。⑶所有患者术前均行常规检查,根据患者病情,并且充分考虑家属和患者意见,按照规范化模式实施相应手术。实验一两组患者均于手术前、CPB5min、开放升主动脉5min、CPB结束、术后1h、术后6h、术后12h、术后24h、术后48h采取动脉血样,分别测定血糖(blood glucose, BG)、血清钾离子(serum kalium, K+)、乳酸(lactic acid, Lac)水平;随机选取两组患者各20名,分别在上下腔静脉阻闭后,升主动脉阻闭前和升主动脉开放后两个时间点,同时抽取动脉和冠状动脉窦血液,进行血糖检测,并求两者血糖差值,即心肌摄取葡萄糖量。实验二两组患者分别于手术前、术后24h和术后48h采取静脉血样,分别测定谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、羟丁酸脱氢酶(HBDH)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、胆红素(BIL)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CR)水平;于手术前、术后6h、术后24h和术后48h采取静脉血样,测定肌钙蛋白I(cTnI);于手术前、术后24h和术后7天测量左心室射血分数(LVEF)。实验三自患者手术完成进入ICU后开始,计算机械通气时间、ICU治疗时间、住院时间;记录出现术后并发症例数,其主要包括:休克、中枢神经系统功能障碍、术后新发生的房颤、肾脏替代治疗等,并记录患者出院前死亡例数。 统计分析 所有数据应用SPSS17.0统计软件进行处理。计量资料结果正态分布以均数±标准差(x±SD)表示,并进行t检验,组间比较采用LSD方法;偏态分布以中位数和四分位间距(M,IQR)表示,两组间进行非参数mann-whitney-U秩和检验;计数资料采用卡方分析;等级资料采用Mann-Whitney检验,当P<0.05为统计结果有统计学差异。 结果 实验一两组患者钾离子水平在各个观测点基本保持一致;两组患者的血糖和乳酸水平在手术后有不同程度的升高,其中GIK组血糖水平在术中特别是在开放升主动脉5min时高于CON组(P0.05),但仍低于8mmol/L,且在术后6h显著低于CON组(P0.05)。两组患者在手术前乳酸水平处于正常水平,并且没有统计学差异;GIK组乳酸水平在术后特别是在术后1小时、术后6小时、术后12小时低于CON组(P0.05)。GIK组在升主动脉阻闭前和升主动脉开放后两个时间点,心肌糖摄取量明显高于CON组(P0.001)。实验二术后7d时GIK组LVEF明显高于CON组(P0.01);GIK组AST、CK、LDH、HBDH、CK-MB、cTnI在术后24h和术后48h相对于CON组明显降低(P0.05,P0.01,P0.001);而非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术者心肌酶谱在两组间无统计学差异。GIK组部分患者ALT、BIL、BUN、CR在术后24h和术后48h相对于CON组有不同程度降低。实验三GIK组部分患者机械通气时间和ICU治疗时间明显低于CON组(P<0.05);手术后突发各种休克和新发房颤GIK组明显低于CON组(P0.05);出现中枢神经系统功能障碍、急性肾功能衰竭行床旁持续肾替代治疗和死亡例数在两组间无显著性差异。 结论 心脏手术和CPB等强烈刺激使机体发生急性IR,并对心脏和其他重要脏器造成损伤。改良GIK可以使围术期患者血糖和钾离子保持相对稳定,并且可以缓解IR程度,还可以在一定程度上对脏器起到保护作用。围术期给予改良GIK治疗可以降低术后患者并发症的发生,改善患者的预后。
[Abstract]:Research background
The abnormal structure of only most organic cardiovascular disease through surgery to repair, and the implementation of most of the heart surgery depends on cardiopulmonary bypass (cardiopulmonary bypass, CPB CPB), also known as extracorporeal circulation (extracorporeal circulation, ECC).CPB technology, although increasingly mature, but still the blood perfusion model and the normal physiological state of the body under irrigation are very different flow patterns, combined with the body strong stress response, may lead to dysfunction of important organs after operation, and affect the function of patients with postoperative recovery of.CPB during the machine have high blood glucose and high insulin, but insulin target tissues to insulin sensitivity decreased glucose utilization decreased. Leading to acute insulin resistance (insulin resistance, IR), associated with organ dysfunction. So how to reduce the operation of IR, is a direct and important dirty heart Research focus in the field of protection. The glucose - insulin - potassium chloride (Glucose-Insulin-Potassium, GIK) for cardiac perioperative myocardial protection has more than 50 years of history, but its clinical effect is uneven. The cardiac surgery patients as the research object, to explore whether CPB induced IR, modified GIK on the heart whether there the protective effect, and to study the role of other important organs, and the effects of modified GIK in patients with postoperative complications and mortality have no effect.
objective
1. to investigate the incidence of acute IR in patients undergoing cardiac surgery under CPB, and to observe the effect of improved GIK on acute IR.
2. to investigate the changes of important organ function in patients after cardiac surgery, and to improve the protective effect of GIK on it.
3. to observe the complications and mortality of patients after cardiac surgery, and to explore the effect of improved GIK on its prognosis.
Method
The continuous selection of cardiovascular surgery in our hospital diagnosed 1000 cases of cardiovascular disease and need for cardiovascular surgery patients, according to randomly divided into 2 groups: GIK group 497 cases, control group (CON group) 503 Cases. The patients in group GIK immediately after induction of anesthesia via central vein through the micro injection pump for improvement GIK solution (20% 750ml glucose, insulin 50U, 10% potassium chloride 45ml), speed of 60ml/h, while the CON group given lactated Ringer's at the same time the same way. All the patients underwent a routine examination before operation, according to the patient's condition, and give full consideration to the families and patients, in accordance with the norms of the implementation of the corresponding operation mode of experiment one or two. All patients before the operation, CPB5min, open aorta 5min, CPB end, 1h after surgery, postoperative 6h, postoperative 12h, postoperative 24h, postoperative 48h arterial blood glucose were measured (blood glucose, BG), serum potassium (serum kalium, K+ ),涔抽吀(lactic acid, Lac)姘村钩锛涢殢鏈洪
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