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冠状动脉搭桥术后认知功能障碍影像学及生化学预警指标探索

发布时间:2018-05-17 13:59

  本文选题:术后认知功能障碍 + 核磁共振 ; 参考:《第四军医大学》2014年硕士论文


【摘要】:背景: 社会在不断的进步,国人的寿命随着社会的发展以及生活水平的提高也在逐渐延长。国际通常的看法是,当60岁以上的老年人口占全国总人口的比例超过10%,就可以定义为该国家处于老龄化社会。而2013年老年人口超过了2亿人,老龄化水平从2011年第六次全国人口普查结果的13.26%增长到了14.8%。以往的研究结果证实,冠心病的发病率与年龄相关,随着年龄的增长而增高。目前,治疗冠心病有效的最终手段是行冠脉搭桥术。 术后认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive dysfunction, POCD)是冠脉搭桥术相对严重的术后并发症之一,指患者在行麻醉手术后数天内发生的记忆力障碍、抽象思维及方向辨别能力的下降,同时出现社会技能的减退。由于以往研究群体和方法不同,心脏术后POCD的发病率差异较大,有的研究结果显示发病率甚至超过60%。POCD可导致患者康复延迟、医疗成本的增加,并且严重影响患者术后的生活质量,给家庭和社会带来硕大的负担。其发病机制尚未研究透彻,但目前研究表明,高龄是导致POCD的主要危险因素之一。POCD患者发生阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’sdisease,AD)的几率远远高于正常人。随着社会步入老龄化,医疗和社会问题也迎来了巨大的挑战。目前还没有找到行之有效的治疗方法,所以怎样预防POCD的发生并且找到其预警指标则成为了至关重要的问题。 以往在轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment, MCI)和AD的研究中,核磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)技术已经非常成熟应用在对其检查和诊断当中。有研究证明,海马体积与AD有相关性。以往的研究已证实,手术后炎症因子处于高表达状态,与认知功能的下降有关系。为此,设计了以下实验。 目的: 1.本研究应用核磁共振技术检查患者海马体积,探讨心脏手术患者海马体积与术后认知功能障碍的相关性 2.探讨冠状动脉搭桥术后患者外周血炎症和脑损伤因子与认知功能障碍的关系 方法: 本研究纳入58名择期行冠状动脉搭桥术的患者以及51名健康中老年人作为研究对象。本研究使用神经心理学量表评估所有受试者的认知状态。分别在术前对患者进行神经心理学量表评估和MRI扫描,术后第7d再次对患者进行神经心理学量表评估。健康组受试者也在与患者相同间隔时间进行神经心理学量表评估。使用国际术后认知功能障碍研究协作组(international study of postoperative cognitivedysfunction, ISPOCD)推荐的“Z计分法”统计量表结果。使用德国Siemens公司3.0T磁共振对所有患者海马体进行检查,通过计算机得出患者海马体积。所有患者通过神经心理学评分结果分为POCD组和非POCD组,然后与两组患者之间的海马体积进行相关性分析。 健康受试者只采集一次静脉血4ml。患者采集5次静脉血,每次4ml。时间点为术前、手术后2h及术后1d、3d、7d。将采集好的静脉血放入带有促凝因子以及分离胶的试管中,然后在4℃冰箱里静置30min后离心,取上层血清,保存在-80℃冰箱中,最后分别批量使用酶联免疫吸附剂测定(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)方法检测炎症相关指标IL-6和脑损伤指标NSE及S100β的表达水平。 结果: 所有患者以及健康受试者完成了神经心理学评估,所有患者完成了术前核磁共振的检查。结果显示,患者与健康的一般资料无统计学差异。根据神经心理量表测试结果,对照组有4名健康中老年人的结果满足诊断POCD标准,故本研究所采用的量表的假阳性率为7.8%。根据量表“Z值”结果划分,患者当中有32例发生POCD,老年患者行冠状动脉搭桥术后发生POCD率为55.2%。核磁共振检查结果显示:发生POCD患者的海马体积(5.64±0.26)cm3明显小于未发生POCD患者(5.81±0.35)cm3(P0.05),海马体积与神经心理学评分Z值呈负相关性。 拟行冠脉搭桥术的患者IL-6的基础值明显高于健康受试者。其中大于60岁的老年人,外周血中IL-6、NSE和S100β的基础值明显高于年轻人。大于60岁发生POCD的老年患者外周血中的IL-6基础表达水平显著高于其他人。患者外周血中生物学标记物的结果发现,经过麻醉手术后可以引起IL-6、NSE和S100β表达水平不同程度的升高,随时间的推移各自表达量逐渐下降。在术后2h时,POCD组表达量明显高于非POCD组。NSE的表达量在术后1天时,POCD组和非POCD组间具有统计学差异。两组间S100β表达量无统计学差异。 结论: 冠脉搭桥术患者发生POCD的概率较高,并且通过术前进行核磁共振检查,发现POCD患者的海马体积较小。经过统计分析,,得出海马体积与POCD呈负相关,表明海马体积可作为POCD发生的危险因素,可为POCD早期预防的客观影像学依据。 患者受到麻醉手术的刺激后,外周血中的炎症因子和脑损伤因子的表达量都会增加,随着时间的推移,这些生物学指标又恢复到与术前相近的水平。老年人外周血中的这些因子表达水平较年轻人高。尤其是大于60岁老年人外周血中IL-6的基础值若大于104.651pg/ml时,容易发生POCD。 小结 本实验研究对象为行冠状动脉搭桥术患者以及健康的中老年人。首先对两组人群进行神经心理测验评估,以及术前对患者海马体积的检查,结果发现POCD组患者海马体积比非POCD组小。随后检查这两组人群外周血中IL-6、NSE和S100β含量。结果发现,当受到麻醉手术刺激后,IL-6、NSE和S100β表达水平大幅度增加,POCD组和非POCD组之间,IL-6和NSE的表达量有统计学差异,但只有术前的IL-6表达量可以作为预测发生POCD的生化指标。
[Abstract]:Background:
With the continuous progress of society, the life span of the people is gradually extending with the development of society and the improvement of the living standard. The international common view is that when the elderly population over 60 years of age accounts for more than 10% of the total population of the country, it can be defined as the country in an aging society. In 2013, the elderly population is over 200 million, aging water. According to the results of the sixth national census in 2011, the results of the sixth national population census were increased to the results of previous studies. The incidence of coronary heart disease was associated with age and increased with age. At present, the effective way to treat coronary heart disease is to bypass coronary artery bypass surgery.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (postoperative cognitive dysfunction, POCD) is one of the relatively serious postoperative complications of coronary artery bypass surgery. It refers to the memory impairment, the decrease of abstract thinking and direction discrimination within a few days after anesthesia, and the loss of social skills. In the same way, the incidence of POCD after heart surgery is very different. Some research results show that the incidence of the disease is even more than 60%.POCD can lead to the delay of rehabilitation, the increase of medical cost, and seriously affect the quality of life of the patients after the operation, and bring great burden to the family and society. One of the major risk factors for POCD,.POCD patients (Alzheimer 'sdisease, AD) is far higher than normal people. With the aging of the society, medical and social problems are also facing great challenges. No effective treatment has been found yet, so how to prevent the occurrence of POCD and find it is found Its early warning indicators have become a crucial issue.
In the previous studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) technology has been widely used in its examination and diagnosis. Studies have shown that the hippocampal volume is associated with AD. Previous studies have confirmed that the postoperative inflammatory factors are in a high table. Reaching the state is related to the decline of cognitive function. For this purpose, the following experiments were designed.
Objective:
1. in this study, we examined the hippocampal volume of patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and explored the correlation between hippocampal volume and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
2. to explore the relationship between peripheral blood inflammatory and brain damage factors and cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Method锛

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