洗钱上游犯罪范围的国际趋势及对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-10-29 13:39

【摘要】：当今世界,经济全球化在不断加强,国与国之间的联系日益紧密,跨国洗钱犯罪也显得更加富有时代性。随着科技的日新月异以及金融服务的全球化,使得与犯罪有关的金融问题也变得日益复杂。作为经济全球化的产物之一,洗钱犯罪越发成为一种智能型犯罪,严重危害到各国的法律、经济及政治安全。洗钱的上游犯罪一般发生在各国国内,但是洗钱行为本身具有国际化特征,如洗钱活动往往在两个以上的国家进行。随着经济全球化带来的国家之间经济交流的不断深入、资本国际化引起国与国之间在资本的利用和流通上的便利,再加上高度发达与先进的信息技术为洗钱活动提供了更为隐蔽的外衣,导致洗钱犯罪在世界各国日益猖獗,并与走私、入口贩卖、贩毒、黑社会性质组织犯罪、偷税漏税、贪污贿赂等犯罪活动有着千丝万缕的联系。洗钱的严重危害,已经引起各国政府的高度重视。其不仅破坏社会信用基础,也严重威胁到法律稳定、经济金融安全和社会安定。洗钱给本国经济发展和政治稳定带来的严重危害,让各国政府不得不高度重视这一问题。各国联合起来,进行有效的协调与合作,加大力度打击洗钱犯罪,已经成为国际社会的共识,也是各国开展法律、政治与经济合作的重要基础。从1988年联合国《禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约》开始,国际社会在制定控制洗钱以及相关犯罪的国际法律规则方面正不断取得突破性进展。联合国有关公约,如《禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约》、《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》、《联合国制止向恐怖主义提供资助的国际公约》和《联合国反腐败公约》以及国际规范文件如《四十条建议》、《九条特别建议》等,各种国际性公约、国际性法律文件以及各国国内法对洗钱犯罪的相关规定,均已呈现出对洗钱的上游犯罪的范围进行扩大化规定的趋势。本文通过考察研究国际公约、相关的国际规范法律文件以及世界各国国内法对洗钱罪上游犯罪范围的规定,通过探讨这些规定在反跨国洗钱犯罪实践的指导作用,得出扩大洗钱罪上游犯罪范围在立法上有利于打击日益猖獗的洗钱犯罪,有助于维护国际金融政治体系的稳定与平衡,促进国际社会在打击洗钱犯罪方面的协调与一致。这一结论对我国的洗钱立法也具有重要的启示意义,特别是目前在我国国内各学者对这一问题所持的不同的观点以及所取得的不同研究成果的基础上,结合我国在这一问题上的立法实践,同时对国际社会的各项规定加以参考,本文最终得出我国应当扩大洗钱罪上游犯罪的范围的结论,并重点讨论我们应将洗钱罪上游犯罪范围扩充到何种程度为宜这一问题。
[Abstract]:In today's world, the economic globalization is strengthening, the relation between countries is getting closer and closer, the transnational money laundering crime also appears to be more modern. With the rapid development of technology and the globalization of financial services, crime-related financial problems become increasingly complex. As one of the products of economic globalization, the crime of money laundering has become an intelligent crime, seriously endangering the legal, economic and political security of various countries. The predicate crime of money laundering usually occurs in each country, but the money laundering itself has the characteristic of internationalization, for example, the money laundering is often carried out in more than two countries. With the deepening of economic exchanges among countries brought about by economic globalization, the internationalization of capital leads to the convenience of the utilization and circulation of capital among countries. Coupled with the fact that highly developed and advanced information technology has provided a more covert cover for money laundering activities, leading to the increasingly rampant crime of money-laundering in various countries around the world, and with smuggling, import trafficking, drug trafficking, organized crimes of a triad nature, and tax evasion, Corruption and bribery and other criminal activities are inextricably linked. The serious harm of money laundering has caused great attention by the governments of all countries. It not only destroys the social credit basis, but also threatens the legal stability, economic and financial security and social stability. Money laundering brings serious harm to our country's economic development and political stability, so governments have to attach great importance to this problem. It has become the consensus of the international community to unite, coordinate and cooperate effectively and strengthen the efforts to combat the crime of money laundering. It is also an important foundation for countries to carry out legal, political and economic cooperation. Since the United Nations Convention against illicit Traffic in Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances of 1988, the international community has made a breakthrough in formulating international legal rules for the control of money-laundering and related crimes. The relevant United Nations conventions, such as the Convention against illicit Traffic in Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the United Nations Convention against Transnational organized Crime, The United Nations International Convention for the suppression of the financing of Terrorism and the United Nations Convention against Corruption, as well as international normative documents such as the Forty recommendations, the Nine Special recommendations, and other international conventions, The international legal documents as well as the relevant provisions of the domestic laws of various countries have shown the trend of enlarging the scope of the predicate offences of money laundering. By investigating and studying the international conventions, relevant international normative legal documents and the provisions of the domestic laws of countries all over the world on the scope of predicate offences of money laundering, this paper discusses the guiding role of these provisions in the practice of anti-transnational money-laundering crimes. It is concluded that expanding the scope of predicate crime of money laundering crime is conducive to the fight against the increasingly rampant crime of money laundering, helps to maintain the stability and balance of the international financial and political system, and promotes the coordination and consistency of the international community in the fight against the crime of money laundering. This conclusion also has the important enlightenment significance to our country's money laundering legislation, especially on the basis of the different viewpoints and the different research results of the domestic scholars on this issue. Combining the legislative practice of our country on this issue, and referring to the provisions of the international community, this paper finally draws the conclusion that our country should expand the scope of the predicate crime of money laundering crime. The paper also discusses the extent to which the predicate crime of money laundering should be extended.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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