超高压输电线路下人体电磁感应研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 05:39

本文关键词： 输电线路人体工频电场工频磁场电磁感应　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来我国经济迅猛发展,目前的电网结构及能源分布情况已经不能满足国民需求,建设远距离、大容量、大电流的高压输电系统成为必然选择。与此同时,高压输电系统带来的环境问题也日益受到关注,主要表现在土地利用、工频电场、工频磁场、可听噪声等方面。本文研究超高压交流输电线路的电磁环境问题。本文主要从两个方面对输电线的电磁环境问题进行评估,即直接分析输电线下地面上的电磁场和加入人体之后人体内及周围的电磁场。以有限元法为基础,采用ANSOFT软件进行仿真研究。首先,对交流输电线路下地面上的电场和磁场的研究。根据实际线路情况,建立高压输电线的模型,分析输电线的电磁场方程。将整个输电线及周围的环境参数进行处理,对其线下地面上的电场和磁场进行仿真分析,研究了线路对地距离、相间距离、单回路时的导线布置形式和双回路时的相序布置方式等因素对电场强度和磁场强度的影响规律,提出了有效减小输电线电磁场的方法。并以此为依据,计算分析了人体的接触电流和人体内的电流大小。第二,采用二维方法对输电线下人体内及周围的电磁场研究。根据人体的生理结构特点,建立人体模型,将人体置于超高压输电线模型下,分析了加入人体之后地面上电场、电位等的变化。对人体内的电场强度和磁场强度进行仿真。总结了影响人体内电磁场强度的因素：输电线对地高度、相间距离、排列方式、是否接地等。研究发现,增加导线对地高度、合理布置导线方式如采用倒三角排列、减少相间距、架设架空屏蔽线等能有效减小输电线下人体内电场和磁场强度。最后,采用三维方法对输电线下人体内的电场的研究。以上均是采用二维方法进行的仿真研究,为了更接近实际人体情况和提高计算精度,进一步采用三维子模型进行研究。对输电线及人体构成整个区域中的某一区域进行分析,即将人体及周围空气单独列出来,建立子模块,通过之前二维有限元的方法求出子模块中边界(输电线下某一位置)的电位值,然后赋值给子模块,将子模块单独剖分。与前面用二维全模型的方法相比,可降低计算的复杂度,从全方位的角度分析典型输电线下人体内的电场。仿真结果表明,相同参数下采用三维子模型方法计算出的人体电场更能逼近实际人体电磁场的分布情况。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid economic development in China, the current power grid structure and energy distribution can no longer meet the needs of the people, the construction of long-distance, large-capacity, high-current high-voltage transmission system has become an inevitable choice. The environmental problems brought about by HV transmission system have been paid more and more attention, mainly in land use, power frequency electric field and power frequency magnetic field. In this paper, the electromagnetic environment of EHV AC transmission lines is studied. In this paper, the electromagnetic environment of transmission lines is evaluated from two aspects. That is, direct analysis of the electromagnetic field on the ground under the transmission line and the electromagnetic field in and around the human body after adding the human body. Based on the finite element method, ANSOFT software is used to carry out simulation research. The research of electric field and magnetic field on the ground under AC transmission line. According to the actual transmission line, the model of high-voltage transmission line is established. The electromagnetic field equation of transmission line is analyzed. The whole transmission line and its surrounding environmental parameters are treated, and the electric and magnetic fields on the ground below the line are simulated and analyzed, and the distance between the lines to the ground and the phase is studied. The influence law of wire arrangement form in single loop and phase sequence arrangement mode in double loop on electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity is put forward, and the effective method of reducing electromagnetic field of transmission line is put forward. The contact current of the human body and the current in the human body are calculated and analyzed. Secondly, the electromagnetic field in and around the human body under the transmission line is studied by two-dimensional method. According to the physiological characteristics of the human body, the human body model is established. The electric field on the ground was analyzed by placing the human body under the EHV transmission line model. The electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity in human body are simulated. The factors that affect the electric magnetic field intensity in human body are summarized: the height of transmission lines to the ground, the distance between phases, and the arrangement mode. Whether grounding or not. The study found that increasing the height of the wire to the ground, reasonable arrangement of conductors, such as the use of inverted triangular arrangement, reduce the phase spacing. Erecting overhead shielding lines can effectively reduce the electric field and magnetic field intensity under the transmission line. Finally, the three-dimensional method is used to study the electric field of the human body under the transmission line. In order to get closer to the actual human body and improve the accuracy of calculation, the three-dimensional submodel is used to study the transmission line and the human body constitute a region of the whole region. The human body and the surrounding air are listed separately, the sub-module is established, and the potential value of the boundary of the sub-module (a certain position under the transmission line) is calculated by the previous two-dimensional finite element method, and then assigned to the sub-module. Compared with the two-dimension full-model method, the calculation complexity can be reduced, and the electric field under the typical transmission line can be analyzed from an omni-directional angle. The simulation results show that. Under the same parameters, the human electric field calculated by using the three-dimensional submodel method can approach the distribution of the actual human electromagnetic field more effectively.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R594.8;TM75

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