合肥地区部分居民骨密度与生活方式关系分析

发布时间：2018-05-27 07:44

本文选题：骨密度 + 骨质疏松　；参考：《安徽医科大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的骨质疏松(Osteoporosis,OP)是多种原因引起的一种代谢性骨病,骨组织中钙盐与基质呈正常比例,钙化正常,主要以骨组织微结构破坏和单位体积内骨量降低为特征的多发病和常见病,已成为遍及世界范围的、威胁老年人健康的严重社会问题。OP患者由于骨脆性增加,易发生骨折、甚至致残,加重了全社会的人力及经济负担。因此早期诊断、治疗和预防OP的发生发展已经成为越来越受到社会关注的热点问题。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)根据骨密度(Bone mineral density,BMD)值对骨质疏松症进行分级,以同性别、同种族正常健康成年人骨峰值加减一个标准差为正常值,骨量减少为低于峰值(1~2.5)个标准差,降低程度大于或等于峰值2.5标准差为OP;严重骨质疏松症为降低大于或等于峰值2.5个标准差以上并且伴有一处或多处骨折。本研究通过测量合肥地区正常人群BMD,并对可能导致OP的生活方式进行问卷调查,为预防OP提供临床资料。方法收集合肥地区从2012年9月到2015年1月在安徽省立医院体检并符合纳入标准的1378例研究对象。研究对象的年龄范围为20~79岁,其中女性752例,男性626例,按5岁为1年龄组进行分组。使用美国GE公司双能X线骨密度测量仪(Dual-energy X-ray absorption,DXA)测定研究对象的前臂(桡骨全部)、股骨颈、腰椎(L2-4)的BMD,然后在医师指导下采用问卷调查方法对其一般情况、生活方式(包括吸烟、饮食习惯、饮酒、运动,光照时间等)进行调查和评分,分析两者之间关系。结果采取SPSS17.0统计软件进行分析。结果1.男性BMD达到骨峰值后随年龄增长而BMD下降,但没有明显加速下降期;女性BMD达到骨峰值后从50岁开始随着年龄增长而BMD下降明显。其中男女性前臂骨峰值在35~39岁,股骨颈骨峰值在25~29岁,腰椎L2-4骨峰值在30~34岁2.男女性BMD累计丢失量股骨前臂腰椎3.男女性从50岁开始,OP发生率随着年龄增加而增加,女性各年龄段OP发生率高于男性4.本地区骨密度值有下降趋势。5.多元线性回归分析:以股骨颈骨密度值为因变量,生活方式为自变量分析发现:该模型的决定系数R2=0.884,骨密度值与平时饮食嗜盐量有相关性且显著相关(P0.01),与平时运动量、性别、光照时间,吸烟有相关性(P0.05),与饮酒等未见明显相关性结论1.合肥地区人群骨密度值、OP发生率有明显性别差异,男性骨密度值明显高于女性,女性OP发生率显著高于男性2.男女性BMD达到骨峰值后随着年龄增加而BMD逐渐降低,其中女性从50岁开始骨密度值显著降低3.本地区人群骨密度值及骨峰值较10年前均有下降趋势,OP患病率有上升趋势。4.不良生活方式对OP发生有一定影响,尤其高盐饮食,缺乏运动、光照时间短,过量饮酒、吸烟等
[Abstract]:Objective Osteoporosissis OPO is a metabolic bone disease caused by many reasons. The calcium salt and matrix in bone tissue are normal and calcification is normal, which is mainly characterized by the destruction of bone microstructure and the reduction of bone mass per unit volume. It has become a serious social problem that threatens the health of the elderly all over the world. Due to the increase of bone fragility, patients with op are prone to fracture or even disability, which increases the human and economic burden of the whole society. Therefore, early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of op have become a hot issue. The World Health Organization of the World Health Organization graded osteoporosis according to bone mineral density (BMD) values, so that the peak bone mass of healthy adults of the same sex, race and race was increased or subtracted as a normal value, and the bone mass decreased to 12. 5 standard deviation below the peak bone mass. The degree of reduction was greater than or equal to the peak value of 2.5 standard deviation, and the severity of osteoporosis was greater than or equal to the peak value of 2.5 standard deviation and accompanied by one or more fractures. In order to provide clinical data for the prevention of op, this study measured the BMDs of normal population in Hefei and investigated the lifestyle that may lead to op. Methods from September 2012 to January 2015, 1378 subjects who were examined in Anhui Provincial Hospital and met the inclusion criteria were collected. The age range of the subjects was 20 to 79 years old, including 752 females and 626 males, divided into 5 years old and 1 year old groups. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the BMDs in the forearm (radial, femoral neck, lumbar vertebrae L2-4) of the subjects, and then, under the guidance of a physician, a questionnaire survey was used to investigate the general situation, lifestyle (including smoking) of the subjects. Dietary habits, drinking, exercise, lighting time, etc.) were investigated and scored to analyze the relationship between the two. Results the results were analyzed by SPSS17.0 software. Result 1. The BMD decreased with age after reaching the peak bone value in males, but did not accelerate the decline period, but BMD decreased significantly in female BMD from the age of 50 years after reaching the peak bone peak. The peak value of forearm bone in male and female was 35 ~ 39 years old, the peak value of femoral neck bone was 25 ~ 29 years old, and the peak value of L2-4 bone in lumbar vertebrae was 30 ~ 34 years old. The cumulative loss of male and female BMD in femur forearm and lumbar vertebrae was 3. The incidence of op in males and females increased with age from the age of 50. The incidence of op in females was higher than that in males. The value of bone mineral density in this area has a downward trend. Multiple linear regression analysis: the femoral neck bone mineral density was taken as dependent variable and lifestyle as independent variable. The determination coefficient of this model was R _ 2 ~ (0.884). The value of bone mineral density was significantly correlated with the amount of salt in normal diet (P _ (0.01), and with the amount of exercise and sex. There was no significant correlation between smoking and alcohol consumption. The incidence of bone mineral density (BMD) and op was significantly higher in males than in females, and higher in females than in males. The bone mineral density (BMD) of male and female decreased gradually with the increase of age after reaching the peak of bone, in which the bone mineral density of female decreased significantly from 50 years old. The bone mineral density (BMD) and bone peak value (BMD) of the population in this area were lower than those of 10 years ago. The prevalence rate of op was on the rise. 4. Bad lifestyle has a certain impact on the occurrence of op, especially high salt diet, lack of exercise, short light time, excessive drinking, smoking, etc.
【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R580

【参考文献】