四平市城市高中生超重、肥胖现状及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-08-29 19:03

【摘要】：目的:通过对四平市城市高中生进行现况调查,在掌握高中生超重、肥胖趋势的基础上,探讨其相关影响因素,为预防和缓解中学生超重、肥胖状况,开展中学生素质教育及健康成长提供参考。方法:采用简单随机整群抽样方法,四平市三所高级中学中,随机选取两所中学,每个年级随机调查4个班级,共计602人。对抽中的班级所有学生均进行问卷调查及身高、体重的测量并计算BMI。对统计结果进行一般性描述后,将调查对象根据体重指数(BMI)分为非超重/肥胖和超重/肥胖两组,描述性别、年级、体力活动与锻炼、饮食情况、视频时间、睡眠情况、精神情况等因素在两组中的分布情况,应用Pearsonχ2检验对计数资料率进行比较。在单因素分析的基础上,将性别、年级、油腻食品、烦躁不安和容易生气等可能与超重/肥胖相关的因素纳入多分类logistic回归分析,分析各因素与超重/肥胖的相关性。检验水准取ɑ=0.05,即P0.05时认为具有统计学意义。结果:1、四平市城市高中学生超重率为11.96%,肥胖率为7.38%。男性高中学生超重/肥胖率为22.95%,女性为15.02%,男性明显高于女性(P=0.026)。2、高一学生超重/肥胖(BMI)率为9.42%,高二学生超重/肥胖(BMI)为23.69%,高三学生超重/肥胖(BMI)率为22.58%,不同年级间超重/肥胖(BMI)率差异有统计学意义(P=0.002),且高一低于高二(χ2=12.278,P0.001),高一低于高三学生(χ2=7.633,P=0.006)。3、高中生中,女性高中生的体力活动、锻炼缺乏率为46.43%,男性高中生的体力活动、锻炼缺乏率为28.66%,女性明显高于男性(P0.001);高一、高二、高三学生的体力活动、锻炼缺乏率分别为20.86%、42.77%、35.42%,不同年级之间的差异均具有统计学意义(P0.001),且高二学生高于高一学生(χ2=20.001,P0.001),高三学生高于高一学生(χ2=6.129,P=0.013)。4、高一学生平均每天视频时间为2.46±2.43 h,高二学生平均每天视频时间为3.71±3.00 h,高三学生平均每天视频时间为2.50±2.86 h,差异具有统计学意义(P0.001)。5、吃油腻食品3天/月的高中生的超重/肥胖(BMI)率最低,为15.25%,吃油腻食品1-3天/周的高中生的超重/肥胖(BMI)率最高,为24.66%,吃油腻食品≥4天/周的高中生的超重/肥胖(BMI)率为18.57%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.044)。6、周一至周五,高一学生平均每天睡眠时间为7±1 h,高二学生平均每天睡眠时间为7±2 h,高三学生平均每天睡眠时间为6±1 h,差异具有统计学意义(P0.001),高一高于高三(χ2=18.045,P0.001),高二高于高三(χ2=19.364,P0.001)。7、从来没有感到烦躁不安、容易生气的高中生的超重/肥胖(BMI)率为11.69%;1-3天/月感到烦躁不安,容易生气的高中生的超重/肥胖(BMI)率为15.67%;1-3天/周感到烦躁不安,容易生气的高中生的超重/肥胖(BMI)率为25.90%;≥4天/周感到烦躁不安,容易生气的高中生的超重/肥胖(BMI)率为25.30%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.015)。8、性别、年级、饮食情况、精神情况影响超重/肥胖的相关因素。(1)性别:女性是使高中生超重/肥胖患病风险降低的保护因素。女性高中生超重/肥胖患病风险是男性高中生的0.051倍。(2)年级:年级增加是导致高中生超重/肥胖患病风险增加的危险因素。高二学生和高三学生的患病风险是高一学生的3.278倍和2.849倍。(3)精神情况:感到烦躁不安和容易生气是导致高中生超重/肥胖患病风险增加的危险因素。1-3天/月感到烦躁不安和容易生气、1-3天/周感到烦躁不安和容易生气、≥4天/周感到烦躁不安和容易生气的高中生超重/肥胖患病风险分别是从来没有感到烦躁不安和容易生气的高中生的1.550倍、3.046倍、2.777倍。结论:1、四平市城市高中生人群超重率为11.96%,肥胖率为7.38%,超重和肥胖已成为该人群重要的健康问题。2、男性是影响高中生超重、肥胖的独立危险因素。男性高中生应作为高危人群进行重点干预,通过加强健康教育,来降低肥胖发生的危险性。3、年级增加是影响高中生超重、肥胖的独立危险因素。对高中生的预防和干预,应重视学校环境因素和家庭环境因素。4、感到烦躁不安和容易生气是影响高中生超重、肥胖的独立危险因素。肥胖的干预应重视心理及精神因素的影响,使高中生具有一个健康向上的生活态度。
[Abstract]:Objective: To investigate the current situation of senior high school students in Siping city, and to explore the related influencing factors on the basis of mastering the trend of overweight and obesity among senior high school students, so as to provide reference for preventing and alleviating the overweight and obesity of middle school students, carrying out quality education and healthy growth of middle school students. In senior middle schools, two middle schools were randomly selected, and four classes were randomly selected for each grade. A total of 602 students were surveyed. All the students in the middle class were surveyed by questionnaire, and their height, weight and BMI were calculated. After describing the statistical results generally, the subjects were divided into two groups according to body mass index (BMI):non-overweight/obesity and overweight/obesity. The distribution of sex, grade, physical activity and exercise, diet, video time, sleep, and mental status in the two groups were described. Pearson_2 test was used to compare the data rates. On the basis of univariate analysis, gender, grade, greasy food, restlessness and irritability were compared with overweight/fat. Results: 1. The overweight rate of urban high school students in Siping City was 11.96%, and the obesity rate was 7.38%. The overweight / obesity rate of male high school students was 22.95%, female was 15.02%, and male was 15.02%. The rate of overweight/obesity (BMI) was 9.42% in grade one, 23.69% in grade two, 22.58% in grade three and 22.58% in grade two. The rate of overweight/obesity (BMI) was significantly higher in different grades (P = 0.002), and was lower in grade one than in grade two (2 = 12.278, P 0.001), and lower in grade one than in grade three (2 = 7.63). 3, P = 0.006). 3. Among the senior high school students, the physical activity deficiency rate of female senior high school students is 46.43%. The physical activity deficiency rate of male senior high school students is 28.66%. The physical activity deficiency rate of female senior high school students is significantly higher than that of male students (P 0.001); the physical activity deficiency rate of senior one, senior two and senior three students is 20.86%, 42.77% and 35.42% respectively. Significance of study (P 0.001), and senior two students higher than senior one students (_2 = 20.001, P 0.001), senior three students higher than senior one students (_2 = 6.129, P = 0.013). The overweight/obesity (BMI) rate of high school students who ate greasy food for 3 days/month was the lowest (15.25%). The overweight/obesity (BMI) rate of high school students who ate greasy food for 1-3 days/week was the highest (24.66%). The overweight/obesity (BMI) rate of high school students who ate greasy food for more than 4 days/week was 18.57%. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.044). Fifthly, the average daily sleep time of senior one students is 7 + 1 h, the average daily sleep time of senior two students is 7 + 2 h, the average daily sleep time of senior three students is 6 + 1 h, the difference is statistically significant (P 0.001), senior one is higher than senior three (2 = 18.045, P 0.001), senior two is higher than senior three (2 = 19.364, P 0.001). The overweight/obesity (BMI) rate of high school students was 11.69%; the overweight/obesity (BMI) rate of high school students who were agitated and easily angry for 1-3 days/month was 15.67%; the overweight/obesity (BMI) rate of high school students who were agitated and easily angry for 1-3 days/week was 25.90%; and the overweight/obesity (BMI) rate of high school students who were agitated and easily angry for more than 4 days/week was 25.90%. (1) Gender: Female is the protective factor for reducing the risk of overweight / obesity in high school students. The risk of overweight / obesity in female high school students is 0.051 times higher than that in male high school students. (2) Grade: grade increase is the cause. The risk factors of overweight/obesity in senior high school students were 3.278 and 2.849 times higher than that of senior high school students. (3) Mental status: being irritable and easily angry were the risk factors of increasing the risk of overweight/obesity in senior high school students. The risk of overweight/obesity in high school students who felt restless and easily angry every day or week was 1.550 times, 3.046 times and 2.777 times as high as those who never felt restless and easily angry, respectively. Conclusion: 1. The overweight rate of high school students in Siping city was 11.96%, the obesity rate was 7.38%, and the overweight rate was 7.38%. Weight and obesity have become an important health problem in this group.2.Male is an independent risk factor for overweight and obesity in senior high school students. The prevention and intervention of high school students should attach importance to school environment and family environment. 4. Being irritable and easily angry is an independent risk factor for overweight and obesity of high school students.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R589.2

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