艾滋病流行现状及防治策略探讨
发布时间：2018-11-10 17:09
【摘要】：抗逆转录病毒疗法(antiretroviral therapy,ART)可对人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染进行有效的长期抑制性治疗,使获得性免疫缺乏综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)从世纪绝症逐渐转变为一种可控可治的慢性疾病。虽然新增感染者人数总体趋势在下降,但每年HIV新增感染人数及因AIDS死亡人数仍十分巨大,HIV/AIDS仍是全球最大的公共卫生挑战之一。我国乃至世界的AIDS防治事业仍然任重而道远,消除AIDS仍面临严峻挑战。流行病学上,HIV/AIDS多分布在非洲等医疗手段有限的贫困地区,且男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)、性工作者、注射毒品人群(people who inject drugs,PWID)成为主要易感人群;预防策略上,预防母婴传播(prevention of mother-to-child transmission,PMTCT)服务、治疗作为预防(treatment as prevention,TasP)和暴露前预防(pre-exposure prophylaxis,PrEP)取得了一定的成效,但覆盖率仍然有限;治疗进展上,多个国家的HIV耐药性程度增加至10%以上,耐药程度进一步发展,而HIV/AIDS治愈研究及疫苗研发目前还处于动物实验或细胞实验阶段。过去10年内我国多个应对措施阻止了HIV进一步流行,并提高了HIV感染者/AIDS患者的生活质量,与此同时,我国也面临着以下挑战:针对性的预防方案、关键易感人群的增加(MSM、PWID以及青少年)、HIV感染者的长期护理、PMTCT服务覆盖率、消除歧视进程等。本文就近年来国际及我国HIV/AIDS流行现状及防治进展进行综述。
[Abstract]:Antiretrovirals (antiretroviral therapy,ART) can effectively inhibit the infection of human immunodeficiency virus (human immunodeficiency virus,HIV) for a long time, resulting in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,). AIDS) from a century-old terminal disease to a controllable and treatable chronic disease. Although the overall trend of new infections is declining, the annual number of new infections and deaths from AIDS remains huge, and HIV/AIDS remains one of the world's biggest public health challenges. There is still a long way to go for AIDS prevention and treatment in China and the world, and the elimination of AIDS is still facing severe challenges. In epidemiology, HIV/AIDS was mainly distributed in poor areas with limited medical treatment, such as Africa, and (men who have sex with men,MSM (MSM), sex workers and injecting drug users (people who inject drugs,PWID) became the main susceptible population. Prevention strategies, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of (prevention of mother-to-child transmission,PMTCT) services, treatment as prevention of (treatment as prevention,TasP) and pre-exposure prevention (pre-exposure prophylaxis,PrEP) has achieved certain results, but the coverage rate is still limited; In the treatment progress, the drug resistance of HIV increased to more than 10% in many countries, and the degree of drug resistance was further developed. At present, the research of HIV/AIDS cure and the research and development of vaccine are still in the stage of animal experiment or cell experiment. Over the past 10 years, several measures have prevented the further spread of HIV and improved the quality of life of HIV infected / AIDS patients. At the same time, our country is also facing the following challenges: targeted prevention programs, Increase in key vulnerable populations (MSM,PWID and long-term care for), HIV infected adolescents, PMTCT service coverage, elimination of discrimination, etc. In this paper, the current situation of HIV/AIDS epidemic and its prevention and treatment are reviewed in the world and China in recent years.
【作者单位】： 上海市复旦大学附属公共卫生临床中心感染科;
【基金】：十三五“重大新药创制”国家科技重大专项(2017ZX09304027)~~
【分类号】：R181.3;R512.91
本文编号：2323056
[Abstract]:Antiretrovirals (antiretroviral therapy,ART) can effectively inhibit the infection of human immunodeficiency virus (human immunodeficiency virus,HIV) for a long time, resulting in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,). AIDS) from a century-old terminal disease to a controllable and treatable chronic disease. Although the overall trend of new infections is declining, the annual number of new infections and deaths from AIDS remains huge, and HIV/AIDS remains one of the world's biggest public health challenges. There is still a long way to go for AIDS prevention and treatment in China and the world, and the elimination of AIDS is still facing severe challenges. In epidemiology, HIV/AIDS was mainly distributed in poor areas with limited medical treatment, such as Africa, and (men who have sex with men,MSM (MSM), sex workers and injecting drug users (people who inject drugs,PWID) became the main susceptible population. Prevention strategies, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of (prevention of mother-to-child transmission,PMTCT) services, treatment as prevention of (treatment as prevention,TasP) and pre-exposure prevention (pre-exposure prophylaxis,PrEP) has achieved certain results, but the coverage rate is still limited; In the treatment progress, the drug resistance of HIV increased to more than 10% in many countries, and the degree of drug resistance was further developed. At present, the research of HIV/AIDS cure and the research and development of vaccine are still in the stage of animal experiment or cell experiment. Over the past 10 years, several measures have prevented the further spread of HIV and improved the quality of life of HIV infected / AIDS patients. At the same time, our country is also facing the following challenges: targeted prevention programs, Increase in key vulnerable populations (MSM,PWID and long-term care for), HIV infected adolescents, PMTCT service coverage, elimination of discrimination, etc. In this paper, the current situation of HIV/AIDS epidemic and its prevention and treatment are reviewed in the world and China in recent years.
【作者单位】： 上海市复旦大学附属公共卫生临床中心感染科;
【基金】：十三五“重大新药创制”国家科技重大专项(2017ZX09304027)~~
【分类号】：R181.3;R512.91
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