胰岛素对生长激素的分泌和细胞内信号传导的影响（英文）

发布时间：2019-08-09 09:41

【摘要】：生长激素(growth hormone,GH)在行使其功能时需要经历一系列的过程,包括从垂体分泌和进入血液循环到达靶器官或细胞(受体前过程)以及和生长激素受体(GH receptor,GHR)结合并引发细胞内信号转导(受体后过程)。胰岛素可以直接或间接地影响这些过程。GH从垂体的生长激素分泌细胞中分泌需要依赖于下丘脑释放的生长激素释放激素(GH-releasing hor-mone,GHRH)和生长激素抑制素(somatostatin,SS),在生理或病理条件下,胰岛素可以对这两种激素以及GH分泌细胞施加不同影响,从而干预GH的分泌及循环水平。血糖、血脂以及饮食习惯都可以改变胰岛素对GH的影响。胰岛素还能通过影响GHR的敏感性,以及影响胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF-1),进而影响GH。受体后过程也是GH行使功能的重要一环,细胞内信号转导依赖于信号通路完成。GH信号转导通路和胰岛素的信号通路有部分交叉,这使得两者的信号可以相互作用,胰岛素通过这种作用对GH的信号转导产生影响。还有很多因素可以改变胰岛素对GH的影响,包括细胞因子信号抑制物、GHR敏感性以及JAK2蛋白和胰岛素受体底物间的相互作用,且随着胰岛素浓度升高和作用时间延长,胰岛素对GH的影响趋向于增强。但胰岛素的浓度和时间对GH分泌和细胞内信号转导的具体影响还未完全阐明。胰岛素和SS的关系也有待进一步研究。
[Abstract]:Growth hormone (growth hormone,GH) needs to go through a series of processes in the exercise of its function, including the secretion and entry of pituitary into the blood circulation to the target organ or cell (prereceptor process) and the binding to growth hormone receptor (GH receptor,GHR) and initiation of intracellular signal transduction (post-receptor process). Insulin can directly or indirectly affect these processes. GH secretes growth hormone releasing hormone (GH-releasing hor-mone,GHRH) and growth hormone inhibin (somatostatin,SS) from pituitary growth hormone secreting cells. Under physiological or pathological conditions, insulin can exert different effects on these two hormones and GH secretory cells, thus interfering with the secretion and circulation of GH. Blood sugar, blood lipids and eating habits can change the effect of insulin on GH. Insulin can also affect GH. by affecting the sensitivity of GHR and insulin-like growth factor-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF 鈮，

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