包头市某三甲医院变应性疾病就医患者过敏原现状及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 04:07

本文选题：变应性疾病 + 过敏原　；参考：《山东大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 研究背景：近50年来,由于工业化的加剧、环境的污染、饮食结构的改变以及心理压力增大等诸多因素,使得变态反应性疾病的发病率呈逐年上升趋势。目前全球共有2.5亿人罹患变态反应性疾病,占世界总人口的22%。变态反应性疾病涉及多个临床科室,包括皮肤科、耳鼻喉科、呼吸科等,临床上以湿疹、特异性皮炎、过敏性鼻炎、过敏性哮喘等疾病最常见。因其症状复杂,种类繁多,难以根治,成为长期以来医学界的一大难题。变态反应性疾病发生与多种内外因素相关,除患者有一定的遗传基础外,还受到多种致敏因素的影响,其中过敏原在变应性疾病的发生、发展中起着关键性的作用。国外调查报告显示：54%-69%的变态反应性疾病是由于吸入性过敏原引起的。约33%的变态反应由食物诱发。因此是预防和治疗变态反应性疾病的重要举措之一。目前包头地区未开展此领域的研究。本研究皆在了解包头地区某些变应性疾病的主要过敏原及过敏原在不同性别、不同年龄、不同时间、不同地区、不同职业、不同疾病患者中可能存在的差异,从而更好地为临床提供诊疗依据。研究目的：探讨包头市某医院常见变应性疾病的主要过敏原及过敏原在不同性别、不同年龄、不同季节、不同地区、不同职业、不同疾病患者中可能存在的差异,为临床诊疗提供依据,从而提出预防和治疗过敏性疾病的有效措施。研究方法：应用德国Regumed公司生产的百康生物共振系统(BICOM-2000)治疗仪对2008年2月1日-2009年1月31日到包头医学院第一附属医院皮肤科就诊的变态反应性疾病患者(共计1902人)进行过敏原检测,询问一般情况并进行登记,将检测资料整理后建立数据文件。用Epidata3.0软件建立数据库输入数据,SPSS11.5软件包进行相关统计学分析。主要结果：(1)1902例患者过敏原检测结果：过敏率排在前十位的分别为屋尘螨(52.9%),羊肉(41.9%),粉尘螨(39.3%),牛奶(34.9%)甲醛(32.0%),鱼类混合物(32.0%),蒿(31.2%),动物皮毛(31.0%),真菌混合物(29.7%),牛肉(28.5%),毛霉菌混合物(27.5%)。其中吸入组以屋尘螨、粉尘螨、蒿、动物皮毛为主；食物及添加剂类以羊肉、牛奶、鱼类混合物、苯甲酸为主,化学、接触性物质类以甲醛、细菌、农药为主。(2)不同性别的患者中香料、农药、苯胺、杨属、辣椒、乙醇、真菌混合物等过敏原的阳性检出率存在差异。(3)不同年龄的患者中毛霉菌混合物、羊肉、二甲基亚硝胺、牛奶、鱼类混合物、鸡蛋、细菌、香料、甲醛的过敏原阳性检出率存在差异。(4)不同地区的患者中黄曲霉菌、毛霉菌混合物、动物皮毛、甲醛、细菌、苯并芘、杨属、玉米花粉、鱼类混合物、辣椒、苯甲酸等过敏原阳性检出率存在差异。(5)6种职业的患者中屋尘螨、粉尘螨、黄曲霉素、毛霉菌混合物等49种过敏原阳性检出率存在差异。其中工人、学生、干部阳性率较高,农民、儿童阳性率较低。(6)四个季节中除真菌混合物、二甲基亚硝胺之外,其他52种过敏原阳性率均有差异。(7)不同变应性疾病患者的过敏原阳性率比较：54种主要过敏原在8种变态反应性疾病中均有差异。结论与建议：变应性疾病就医患者过敏原种类较多、阳性检出率高,其中屋尘螨、粉尘螨、羊肉、牛奶、甲醛、蒿、杨属是主要过敏原。建议在医院和社区采取健康教育活动等形式,使患者了解过敏原在变应性疾病的发病中的重要性,避免相关过敏原的接触,减少疾病的发生。还要改善居住环境,保持室内干燥、通风,经常晒洗衣服、被褥,经常清洗空调、洗衣机,减少一切接触变应原的可能。同时建议政府部门采取有效措施对包头市主要绿化植物的蒿草、杨树进行环境干预,减少和消除过敏原。
[Abstract]:Background: in the past 50 years, the incidence of allergic diseases is increasing year by year due to the intensification of industrialization, environmental pollution, the change of dietary structure and the increase of psychological pressure. At present, 250 million people worldwide suffer from allergic diseases, which are involved in the 22%. allergic diseases of the world's total population. Many clinical departments, including Department of Dermatology, Department of ENT, and so on, are the most common diseases such as eczema, specific dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Because of their complex symptoms, various types and difficult to cure, it has become a major problem in the medical field for a long time.
The occurrence of allergic diseases is related to a variety of internal and external factors. In addition to a certain genetic basis, the patients are also affected by a variety of sensitization factors, in which the allergens play a key role in the occurrence of allergic diseases. The report of foreign investigation shows that the variable response disease of 54%-69% is caused by inhalation allergens. About 33% of the allergic reaction is induced by food. Therefore, it is one of the important measures to prevent and treat allergic diseases. There is no research in this area in Baotou. This study is to understand the main allergen and allergens of some allergic diseases in Baotou region, different sexes, different ages, different regions, different regions, and different regions. Occupational differences may exist among patients with different diseases, so as to provide a better basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Objective: To explore the possible differences between the main allergen and allergens of common allergic diseases in a hospital of Baotou in different sexes, different ages, different seasons, different regions, different professions and different diseases, provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and put forward effective measures to prevent and treat allergic diseases.
Methods: the allergen test was carried out on the allergen patients (1902 people, total 1902) in the Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, February 1, 2008, which was produced by German company of German company, BICOM-2000. After that, data files were set up. Database input data were set up with Epidata3.0 software, and SPSS11.5 software package was used for statistical analysis.
Main results were as follows: (1) 1902 cases of allergen detection: the first ten were house dust mites (52.9%), mutton (41.9%), dust mites (39.3%), milk (34.9%) formaldehyde (32%), fish mixture (32%), Artemisia (31.2%), animal fur (31%), fungus mixture (29.7%), beef (28.5%), Mucor mixture (27.5%). Among them, the inhalation group The positive rates of allergens, such as spices, pesticides, aniline, poplar, poplar, poplar, poplar, poplar, poplar, poplar, poplar, peppers, ethanol and fungus mixture in different sex were different, mainly with mutton, milk, fish mixture, benzoic acid, chemical and contact substances. (2) (3) the positive rates of Mucor mixture, mutton, two methylnitrosamine, milk, fish mixture, eggs, bacteria, spices, and formaldehyde were different in different ages. (4) Aspergillus flavus, Mucor mixture, animal fur, formaldehyde, bacteria, benzopyrene, poplar, corn pollen, fish mixture and spicy in different areas. There were differences in positive detection rates of anaphylaxis, such as pepper and benzoic acid. (5) there were differences in positive rates of 49 allergen in 6 occupational patients, such as dust mites, Dermatophagoides, aflatoxin and mucormus, among which workers, students, cadres had a higher positive rate, and the positive rate of farmers and children was low. (6) in four seasons, the mixture of fungi, two methyl nitrite was found. The positive rates of the other 52 kinds of allergens were different. (7) the positive rates of allergens in patients with different allergic diseases were compared: the 54 major allergens were different in 8 allergic diseases.
Conclusions and suggestions: allergic diseases have more types of allergens and high positive rate, among which house dust mites, Dermatophagoides, mutton, milk, formaldehyde, Artemisia, and poplar are the main allergens. It is suggested that health education activities be adopted in hospitals and communities so that patients can understand the importance of allergen in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and avoid related factors. Contact of allergens, reduce the occurrence of disease, but also improve the living environment, keep indoor dry, ventilated, often washing clothes, bedding, often cleaning air conditioning, washing machine, reducing all exposure to allergens. Meanwhile, the government department should take effective measures to intervene in the environment of the Artemisia Artemisia and poplar in Baotou. And eliminate allergens.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R758.2

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