脑卒中后星形胶质细胞的神经保护及神经修复作用及分子机制

发布时间：2018-05-17 10:24

本文选题：脑卒中 + 星形胶质细胞　；参考：《河北医科大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中最多的细胞亚型。它们在维持正常大脑功能中起重要的作用。星形胶质细胞是“三联体突触”和神经血管单元结构和功能的重要组成部分,与神经元、少突胶质细胞和内皮细胞相互联系。脑缺血急性期,星形胶质细胞对于神经元存活是一把双刃剑,既可介导炎症反应加剧缺血损伤,又可通过抗兴奋性毒性和分泌神经营养因子限制炎症播散。相似地,脑卒中恢复期,胶质瘢痕可能阻碍轴突再生,损害神经功能修复,但星形胶质细胞可能有助于卒中后神经再生、血管再生、突触再生和轴突可塑性,促进功能恢复。在这篇综述中,将会阐述星形胶质细胞及其介导的事件对卒中和恢复的有益和有害作用。并将讨论如何利用星形胶质细胞的这些功能,为减轻卒中后神经元死亡和增强神经功能恢复提供新颖、可靠的治疗策略,实现最优的临床治疗效果。
[Abstract]:Astrocytes are the most subtypes of cells in the central nervous system. They play an important role in maintaining normal brain function. Astrocytes are important components of the structure and function of triad synapses and neurovascular units, and are interlinked with neurons, oligodendrocytes and endothelial cells. In the acute phase of cerebral ischemia, astrocytes are a double-edged sword for neuron survival, which not only mediates inflammation to aggravate ischemic injury, but also restricts the spread of inflammation through anti-excitatory toxicity and secretion of neurotrophic factors. Similarly, glial scar may hinder axon regeneration and damage nerve function repair during stroke recovery, but astrocytes may contribute to post-stroke nerve regeneration, vascular regeneration, synaptic regeneration and axonal plasticity, and promote functional recovery. In this review, the beneficial and harmful effects of astrocytes and their mediated events on stroke and recovery are discussed. How to utilize these functions of astrocytes to reduce neuronal death after stroke and enhance the recovery of neural function will be discussed in order to provide a novel and reliable treatment strategy and to achieve the best clinical therapeutic effect.
【学位授予单位】：河北医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R743.3

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