基于经颅超声刺激的脑调控系统设计及实验研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 17:40

【摘要】：经颅超声刺激技术是一种利用低强度聚焦超声波作用于脑组织，对神经元产生生物机械效应，影响神经电活动，从而引起一系列生理生化反应的脑调控技术。与临床使用的神经物理调节技术，如深度脑刺激、经颅磁刺激相比，经颅超声刺激分别具有无损伤与高空间分辨率、高穿透深度的优势，是一种很有应用前景的新脑调控技术。搭建了一套基于经颅超声刺激的动物实验平台，平台主要包含超声波发射与接收器、XYZ三维扫描平台、超声换能器、神经信号采集系统等。根据经颅超声刺激实验中的空间分辨率、声强两个参数要求选择了可聚焦压电式超声换能器。通过电脑上位机软件，可以设定实验中的超声波参数，并显示采集到的数据波形。使用搭建的经颅超声刺激动物实验平台进行小鼠实验。实验一，，超声刺激正常小鼠大脑皮层，采集后腿下肢肌电信号，进行小波去噪处理，分析超声刺激前后肌电信号变化。实验结果表明低强度聚焦超声能够刺激运动皮层，进而诱导肌电信号，经颅超声刺激可以进行非侵入式神经调节。实验二，探索经颅超声刺激是否可以减轻帕金森模型小鼠的患病症状。进行分组对照实验，通过丙二醛、过氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶等试剂盒测定各组氧化应激参数，通过爬杆实验评估刺激对动物的行为学改变。实验结果表明，经颅超声刺激能够一定程度上改善帕金森小鼠的运动功能，机理可能时超声刺激可以提高其抗氧化能力，减轻神经元氧化性损伤。设计了一套用于人脑神经调节的便携式超声刺激器，通过TFT彩屏可以方便设定超声波相关参数，该刺激器具有多参数可调、实时显示超声波电信号等实用性优点，其主要包含了驱动部分、信号采集部分与人机界面。本设计将为超声脑调控系统应用于临床研究打下基础。
[Abstract]:Transcranial ultrasound stimulation is a brain regulation technique that uses low intensity focused ultrasound in brain tissue, produces biological mechanical effects on neurons, affects neuroelectrical activity, and causes a series of physiological and biochemical reactions. Excitation has the advantages of non-invasive, high spatial resolution and high penetration depth. It is a promising new brain regulation technology.
An animal experimental platform based on transcranial ultrasound stimulation is set up. The platform mainly includes ultrasonic emission and receiver, XYZ three-dimensional scanning platform, ultrasonic transducer, neural signal acquisition system and so on. According to the spatial resolution of the transcranial ultrasound stimulation experiment, the two parameters of sound intensity are chosen to focus on the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. PC PC software can set the ultrasonic parameters in the experiment and display the collected data waveform.
The experiment was made by using the constructed transcranial ultrasound to stimulate the animal experimental platform. Experiment 1, ultrasound stimulated the normal mice's cerebral cortex to collect the electromyogram of the hind legs and lower limbs. The wavelet denoising was carried out to analyze the changes of the electromyography signal before and after the ultrasonic stimulation. The experimental results showed that the low intensity polyacoustic hyper sound could stimulate the motor cortex and then induce the electromyography. Signal, transcranial ultrasound stimulation can perform noninvasive neuromodulation. Experiment two, to explore whether transcranial ultrasound can alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson model mice. Group control experiments were conducted to determine the oxidative stress parameters through MDA, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and other kits. The results showed that the transcranial ultrasound stimulation could improve the motor function of Parkinson mice to some extent. The mechanism may improve its antioxidant capacity and reduce the oxidative damage of neurons.
A portable ultrasonic stimulator for human brain nerve regulation is designed. Through TFT color screen, the ultrasonic related parameters can be set conveniently. The stimulator has many parameters and can display the practical advantages of the ultrasonic signal in real time. It mainly includes the driving part, the signal collection part and the human-computer interface. This design will be the ultrasonic brain modulation. The control system is applied to clinical research.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R741;O426.9

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