全人工心脏测试系统的研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 03:22

本文关键词：全人工心脏测试系统的研究　出处：《重庆大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 随着心脏类疾病患者数量的逐步增加,在现代社会中,心脏类疾病已经日益成为人类健康的最主要威胁,而对于其中最严重的末期充血性心力衰竭,传统器官移植手术治疗手段由于心脏器官供体的极度缺乏,已经远不能满足患者的需求。因此,全人工心脏特别是具备全植入特征的第二代电动全人工心脏技术的研究,便受到了各国研究人员的广泛关注,比如美国国家卫生协会(NIH)自1990年代开始就对该系统的研究给予了专门的支持,并且在2004年开始有公司进入临床实验阶段的报告。2006年8月FDA首次批准每年允许4000个美国马萨诸塞州丹弗市的Abiomed公司生产的“AbioCor”人工心脏用于心脏移植。而在国内,除了一些零散的机械循环支持系统的研究外,目前尚未见到系统的开展全人工心脏研究的报导。而全人工心脏测试系统是与全人工心脏的研制相配套的,在其进行动物试验之前,对全人工心脏原型样机整体性能参数进行测试的必要系统。因此,国外关于全人工心脏测试系统的报告很少,而国内关于全人工心脏测试系统的研究还未见报道。本文报告了一种配套用于往复式推板结构的电动全人工心脏测试的系统的设计与实现,并且提出了该测试系统的数学模型、建模方法、制作方案及数据采集系统的硬件搭建、数据采集程序的研制。该系统与国外现有研究系统属于同一个技术代,类似系统在国内尚未见报道。其主要特点有:1)提出了一种新的基于弹性腔模型的人体血液循环系统整体特性集中参数模型。把原二元件模型中的电阻、电容替换为对应参数的弹性腔、阻尼阀,采用类似于二元件模型的建模方法进行数学建模。该模型有以下一些特点:将血液循环系统作为一个闭合体系,强调其内部各器官间的相互作用以及循环系统与外部作用的整体性反应,在各组成部分的特性描述上则进行较多的简化;参数少、生理意义明确、计算容易且便于制作物理模型;比起一般二元件模型或Frank集中参数模型所采用的电阻、电容器件模拟办法,该模型直接对血液流路器件进行模拟,更能逼近测试系统实物的真实情况。2)测试系统采用有机玻璃制作,为分体式结构,便于实验观测也方便各种传感器及辅助装置的安装、维护及升级,为整个系统得以小型化、标准化打下了基础。3)测试系统的参数可调范围宽,参数调节方式多样,不仅可以模拟出人体血液循环系统正常时候的状态,还可模拟出人体高血压、低血压的状态,加大了本系统的应用范围。4)测试程序与控制程序相结合,除实现了压力和流路流量的实时检测、记录外,还可对推板水平位移进行实时监控,增强了对全人工心脏检测与监控的直观性、方便性。多次使用本系统对配套的全人工心脏进行的测试实验表明,本系统操作使用方便、测试数据准确可信,可重复性好。为国内外全人工心脏及其相关领域的研究提供了新的参考方案。本文的研究内容得到了重庆市科委科技攻关项目(csts.201ac3031)以及重庆大学学科建设项目的资助。
[Abstract]:With the number of heart disease patients increased gradually in modern society, heart disease has become the main threat to human health, and for end-stage congestive heart failure is one of the most serious, the traditional therapy of organ transplants because the heart of the shortage of donor organs has been unable to meet the needs of the patients. Therefore, all especially the research of artificial heart implantation with full features of the second generation of electric total artificial heart technology, it is widely concerned by researchers all over the world, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) since 1990s began the study of the system has given special support, and in 2004 the company began to have entered clinical trials report.2006 FDA for the first time in August approved the annual permits 4000 Massachusetts Denver City Abiomed company production of "AbioCor" artificial heart to heart Dirty transplantation. But in China, except for some scattered research mechanical circulatory support system, has yet to see the system to carry out research on the total artificial heart report. While total artificial heart test system is matched with the development of artificial heart, in the animal experiments, the necessary system for testing the total artificial heart the prototype performance parameters. Therefore, the report on the total artificial heart test system abroad is very few, but the domestic research on total artificial heart test system has not been reported.
This paper reports the design and implementation of a reciprocating push plate structure of the electric total artificial heart test system for supporting, and puts forward the mathematical model of the test system modeling method, production program and data acquisition system's hardware, developed a data acquisition program. This system and the existing foreign research system belongs to the same generation technology, similar system has not been reported in China.
The main features are: 1) proposed a new lumped parameter model of the overall characteristics of the human circulatory system based on elastic cavity model. Resistance to the original two components in the model, the elastic cavity is replaced with the corresponding parameters, capacitance damping valve, the modeling method is similar to the two element model for mathematical modeling of the model. Has the following features: the blood circulatory system as a closed system, the overall response emphasizes the interaction between internal organs and circulatory system and external effect, in the simplified description is more of the characteristics of each part; a few parameters, the physiological significance of clear, easy calculation and easy to make the physical model; compared with the general resistance of two elements model or Frank parameters used in the model, the model can be simulated directly on the capacitance of the device, the blood circuit device simulation, it can describe the physical test system The real situation of.2) is made of organic glass test system is split structure, easy observation is also convenient to various sensors and auxiliary equipment installation, maintenance and upgrade, for the entire system can be miniaturized, standardized basis.3) parameter testing system of a wide range of adjustable parameters, adjusting mode of diversity, not only can to simulate the normal human blood circulation system, but also can simulate human hypertension, hypotension, and increase the scope of application of the.4 system) the combination of testing procedures and control procedures, in addition to real-time detection, the pressure and the path flow records, can also carry out real-time monitoring of the push plate level displacement, enhance the visibility, the total artificial heart detection and monitoring convenience.
Many experiments on the whole artificial heart carried out by the system show that the system is easy to operate and use, accurate and reliable, and reproducible. It provides a new reference for the research of the whole artificial heart and related fields at home and abroad.
The research content of this paper is supported by the science and technology research project of Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (csts.201ac3031) and the discipline construction project of Chongqing University.

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：TH776

【引证文献】