背面效应人体胸部防护有限元建模与仿真研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 13:02

本文关键词： 撞击背面效应生物力学人体动态有限元应力波　出处：《河南科技大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：撞击伤是人体在外力作用下，其组织及内部器官受到物理损伤，导致功能丧失，，甚至致死。士兵在战场中所受到的最大威胁即枪弹伤。虽然防弹衣的使用可有效地阻止子弹穿透人体组织所造成贯穿性损伤，但子弹击中人体时仍有相当多的能量通过防弹衣传递到人体而造成损伤，这种现象即—背面效应。为了能更好的预测撞击损伤，探索损伤机理和防护措施是十分必要的。随着计算机仿真研究手段和方法的提高，动态有限元方法在人体创伤和防护研究领域的应用，克服了过去依赖动物实验获得数据的局限性。通过仿真可以获取人体体腔内部各部位和器官的应力响应和变形，与动物实验数据相比，更符合人体实际情况。因此有限元法用于创伤力学研究，逐渐成为目前的重要研究手段。动态有限元模拟分析更适用于不可实验的人体生物力学的研究，从计算力学的角度来研究人体撞击损伤，采用力学理论来诠释问题，已逐渐成为人体生物力学研究的主要手段。本课题的研究采用医学影像数据及逆向点云数据两种数据形式，通过医学三维重建及逆向点云处理建立了皮肤（含肌肉组织）、肋骨、肺、心脏、肝脏和胃的几何模型。在几何模型的基础上，进行有限元网格划分，设置单元类型及单元的大小，生成用于力学分析的人体胸部、护甲及子弹的有限元模型。对该有限元模型进行动态模拟计算，研究在体外冲击载荷作用下，应力波在胸部组织器官中传递规律。获得人体胸部各部分器官的位移形变和应力-应变等生物力学变化数据。并采用与人体软组织器官材料力学属性相似的非生物材料，进行射击实验，得到了随时间变化的压力曲线。通过对模拟数据与实验数据进行对比，验证了仿真分析数据的可靠性。为了解外载荷冲击下应力波在胸部的传播机制，和损伤预测及防护设计提供理论计算和实验依据。
[Abstract]:Impact injury is the physical damage to the tissues and internal organs of the human body under external force, which results in the loss of function. Even death. The greatest threat to soldiers on the battlefield is gunshot wounds. Although the use of bulletproof jackets can effectively prevent penetrating damage caused by bullets penetrating human tissues, But when a bullet hits a human body, there is still a considerable amount of energy passing through the vest to the body and causing damage, a phenomenon known as the backside effect, in order to better predict impact damage. It is necessary to explore the damage mechanism and protective measures. With the development of computer simulation, dynamic finite element method is applied in the field of human trauma and protection. It overcomes the limitation of relying on animal experiments to obtain data in the past. The stress response and deformation of various parts and organs of human body cavity can be obtained by simulation. Therefore, finite element method (FEM) has gradually become an important research tool in trauma mechanics research. Dynamic finite element simulation analysis is more suitable for the study of human biomechanics which can not be experimented with. From the point of view of computational mechanics, the study of human body impact damage and the interpretation of problems by mechanical theory have gradually become the main means of human biomechanics research. In this study, medical image data and reverse point cloud data were used to establish skin (including muscle tissue, rib, lung, heart) through medical 3D reconstruction and reverse point cloud processing. The geometric model of the liver and stomach. Based on the geometric model, the finite element mesh is made, the type and size of the element are set, and the human chest is generated for mechanical analysis. The finite element model of armor and bullet. The dynamic simulation calculation of the finite element model is carried out, and the effect of external impact load on the finite element model is studied. The stress wave is transmitted in the tissues and organs of the chest. The biomechanical data such as displacement deformation, stress-strain and other biomechanical changes of the organs of the human chest are obtained. The non-biomechanical materials similar to the mechanical properties of the soft tissue organs are used. In order to understand the propagation mechanism of stress wave in chest under external load shock, the pressure curve with time variation is obtained. The reliability of simulation analysis data is verified by comparing the simulated data with experimental data. And provide theoretical calculation and experimental basis for damage prediction and protection design.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R318.01

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