轮椅舒适性评价体系研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 18:21

本文选题：轮椅舒适性　切入点：人体压力分布　出处：《大连交通大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国国民经济的高速发展,老龄社会也在向我们走进,因此老年轮椅将会有很大的需求量。轮椅的乘坐舒适性是使用者选用轮椅首要考虑的因素,人们希望在选用轮椅时有一套完整的体系来对轮椅的舒适性进行评价,然而目前国内还没有人对老年轮椅的舒适性评价体系做过专门的研究。因此,轮椅舒适性评价体系的研究有着很重要的意义。然而在汽车座椅和普通座椅舒适性方面有着大量的研究,它们同样都涉及到人体坐姿的生理特性,在工作原理和研究方法方面座椅与轮椅舒适性是相通的。轮椅舒适性是轮椅乘坐者对轮椅的主观评价,它是一个多层次、多因素的问题,受到轮椅本身以及环境因素和生理因素等的影响,一般方法很难对其做出评价,因此必须构建一个轮椅舒适性评价体系,使影响舒适性的大量因素变得条理化、层次化。本论文首先基于人机工程学中关于人体压力与舒适性的关系原理,通过实验研究了压力分布与舒适性主观评价值之间的关系。试验中应用Tekscan压力分布测量系统测量了11位实验者的压力分布情况,提取实验者压力分布数据和舒适性主观评价值,应用人工神经网络中BP网络的预测功能建立了轮椅舒适性网络预测模型。将压力分布数据作为输入、主观评价作为输出,通过MATLAB编写BP网络模型的程序,经训练成功后的模型可以通过压力分布情况预测出轮椅的乘坐舒适程度,将主观评价与客观测量联系在一起。然后根据德尔菲方法构建了轮椅舒适性评价指标、指标评价标准,并根据层次分析法原理建立了《轮椅舒适性专家咨询调查表》,调研了业内教授、医生以及轮椅使用者,根据反馈情况应用层次分析法确定出了轮椅舒适性各指标权重,最终确定了比较完善的轮椅舒适性评价体系。最后通过评价体系与神经网络预测模型的对比分析,表明轮椅舒适性主观评价体系的预测结果误差更小,更加接近于主观感受。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our national economy, the aging society is also coming to us, so there will be a great demand for wheelchairs for the elderly. The comfort of wheelchairs is the primary consideration for users to choose wheelchairs. People hope that there is a complete system to evaluate the comfort of wheelchairs when they choose wheelchairs. However, at present, no one has made a special study on the comfort evaluation system of wheelchairs for the elderly. The research on the evaluation system of wheelchair comfort is of great significance. However, there are a lot of researches on the comfort of automobile seats and ordinary seats, which are also related to the physiological characteristics of human sitting posture. In terms of working principles and research methods, seat and wheelchair comfort are interlinked. Wheelchair comfort is the subjective evaluation of wheelchairs by wheelchair occupants. It is a multi-level and multi-factor problem, which is influenced by wheelchair itself, environmental and physiological factors, etc. It is difficult to evaluate it by general methods. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a wheelchair comfort evaluation system so that a large number of factors affecting the comfort become orderly and hierarchical. Firstly, this paper is based on the relationship between human pressure and comfort in ergonomics. The relationship between the pressure distribution and the subjective evaluation of comfort was studied through experiments. The pressure distribution of 11 subjects was measured by using Tekscan pressure distribution measurement system, and the data of pressure distribution and subjective evaluation of comfort were extracted. The prediction model of wheelchair comfort network is established by using the prediction function of BP network in artificial neural network. The pressure distribution data is taken as input, subjective evaluation is taken as output, and the program of BP network model is compiled by MATLAB. After training, the model can predict the comfort degree of wheelchair by pressure distribution, and connect subjective evaluation with objective measurement. Then, according to Delphi method, the evaluation index and evaluation standard of wheelchair comfort are constructed, and according to the principle of Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the "expert consultation questionnaire on wheelchair comfort" is established, and the professors, doctors and wheelchair users in the field are investigated. According to the feedback situation, the weight of wheelchair comfort index is determined by AHP, and a more perfect evaluation system of wheelchair comfort is finally determined. Finally, the comparison between evaluation system and neural network prediction model is carried out. It shows that the prediction error of the subjective evaluation system for wheelchair comfort is smaller and closer to subjective feeling.
【学位授予单位】：大连交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH789

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