短语和句子的语义、句法及语境效应研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 16:12

本文选题：N400 + P300　；参考：《电子科技大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文采用ERP技术来研究汉语短语搭配和句子理解的语义和句法处理过程，以及探索语义语境效应。给被试呈现由汉字组成的短语或句子，要求被试判断短语或句子搭配的正确性。短语任务包括匹配、量名失匹配和量动失匹配三种条件，句子任务包括匹配、局部匹配、量名失匹配和量动失匹配四种条件。短语任务的材料（如，一张+床单/心脏/坚持）被包含在句子任务中，构成了句子任务的局部语境；主语（如，妈妈）和谓语（如，铺好）构成了句子任务的全局语境。行为数据表明：在两种任务中，语义违反有更长的反应时和更低的准确率；而句法违反和匹配条件没有显著性差异。当两种任务的局部语境相同时，句子任务比短语任务有更快更准的行为反应，支持语义语境能够易化任务的理解和执行这一观点。脑电数据表明：量名失匹配在两种任务的中线和右额-颞都呈现明显的N400效应；而量动失匹配仅在句子任务的顶-中位置呈现N400效应。且在顶-中区域，短语任务无P600效应，而句子任务有显著的P600效应。这表明汉语的语义和句法处理在时间进程上不能完全分离，且只有在一定的语境中，句法整合过程才容易实现。另外，在顶-中位置，短语任务比句子任务有更负的N400，表明执行短语任务更困难。在短语任务中，左额-颞比右额-颞激活更负的N400；而在句子任务中激活程度刚好相反。大脑后部的P300，是语义违反的一个指标。在短语任务中P300无半球差异，而在句子任务中左半球大于右半球。N400和P300的半球差异表明左半球是语言处理的优势半球，，且在句子处理中，有较多右半球区域的参与。 sLORETA分析发现，在N400（300-500ms）和P600（500-750ms）窗口，短语任务内各条件间激活无显著性差异。在句子任务中，N400效应主要定位于额-颞网络，而P600效应主要定位于额-顶网络。在N400窗口，短语任务比句子任务在顶叶、额叶和颞叶等区域激活更强，这可能由于短语任务语境短，执行词汇的检索、获取和整合更困难；在P600窗口，句子任务比短语任务激活更强的额下回、颞上回、中央后回和顶上小叶等，这可能是由于句子任务有较长的语境，涉及更多晚期的语义和句法整合过程。因此，中文并非越言简意赅越好，本研究支持句子的语境易化效应。
[Abstract]:This paper uses ERP technique to study the semantic and syntactic processing of Chinese phrase collocation and sentence understanding and to explore the semantic contextual effects. The subjects were presented with phrases or sentences composed of Chinese characters, and the subjects were asked to judge the correctness of the collocation of the phrases or sentences. Phrase tasks include three conditions: matching, quantification and quantitive mismatch. Sentence tasks include matching, local matching, quantificational mismatch and quantitive mismatch. The material of phrase task (e.g., a sheet / heart / persistence) is included in the sentence task, which forms the local context of the sentence task, and the subject (for example, mother) and the predicate (e.g., laid) constitute the global context of the sentence task. Behavior data show that semantic violation has longer reaction time and lower accuracy in two tasks, but there is no significant difference between syntactic violation and matching condition. When the local context of the two tasks is the same, the sentence task has a faster and more accurate behavioral response than the phrase task, which supports the view that the semantic context can facilitate the understanding and execution of the task. EEG data showed that the N400 effect was observed in the midline of the two tasks and in the right frontotemporal, while the N400 effect was observed only in the top to middle position of the sentence task. In the top-middle region, phrase tasks have no P600 effect, while sentence tasks have significant P600 effects. This indicates that the semantic and syntactic processing of Chinese can not be completely separated in the process of time, and only in a certain context, the syntactic integration process can be easily realized. In addition, in top-middle position, phrase task has more negative N400 than sentence task, indicating that it is more difficult to execute phrase task. In phrase tasks, N400, which is more negative in left frontotemporal than right frontotemporal activation, is just the opposite in sentence tasks. The P300 at the back of the brain is an indicator of semantic violations. In phrase tasks, P300 has no hemispheric differences, while in sentence tasks, the left hemisphere is larger than the right hemisphere. N400 and P300 hemispheric differences indicate that the left hemisphere is the dominant hemisphere for language processing, and in sentence processing, there are more right hemispheric regions involved. SLORETA analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the activation of each condition in the N400 (300-500ms) and P600-500-750ms) windows. In sentence tasks, the N400 effect is mainly located in frontotemporal network, while the P600 effect is mainly located in frontoparietal network. In the N400 window, phrase tasks are more active in the parietal, frontal and temporal lobes than sentence tasks, which may be more difficult to retrieve, retrieve and integrate in the P600 window because of the short context of phrase tasks. Sentence tasks are more active in subfrontal gyrus, supratemporal gyrus, posterior central gyrus and superior parietal lobule than phrasal tasks, which may be due to the longer context of sentence tasks, which involve more late semantic and syntactic integration processes. Therefore, Chinese is not as concise as possible. This study supports the contextual facilitation of sentences.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R318.0

【共引文献】