生物医学工程发展史与方法论研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 19:21

本文选题：生物医学工程史 + 方法论　；参考：《太原理工大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：20世纪初生物学领域机体论与还原论之争,促成了一般系统论的诞生。尽管会遇到各种困难,但这的确是促进科学统一的一次科学革命。科学发展过程中,在承认机械还原论优点的同时,更需要一个比之更完善的方法论指导。系统论思想强调低层次的事物和高层次的事物都需要关注,系统局部的变化会引起其它局部和整体的反应,具体到生命系统而言,就是要既关心化学层次或分子层次上的事物,又关心较高的生命组织层次上的事物。生物医学工程学是促进生命健康的工程学科,无论是学科基础理论的发展,还是工程技术的研发,都需要从整体的角度和动态的角度研究人体系统的变化规律,尤其是针对局部问题的解决方案,需要综合考虑与生命系统整体的切合性。本文根据系统哲学原理对生物医学工程发展史与方法论进行了探讨。主要包括以下四部分内容:一、生物医学工程发展史概述。生物医学工程学的快速发展始于20世纪50年代,“生命”和“工程”是生物医学工程的两个核心要素。这里的生命,包括生命个体的健康和生命群体的延续,而这也一直是其使命之源。工程则包括个体生命的健康问题工程和群体生命的公平公正工程。相伴医学的发展,通过解决生命系统健康问题成就健康的个体生命;通过促进诊断治疗的简便化和低成本化,成就健康的群体生命。本文根据系统哲学的事物发展演化的基本规律重新审视生物医学工程学的概念和特点,并在分析生物医学工程学发展概况的基础上,发现了解决特殊问题和局部问题时遇到的困境,而这些很多已被证实是由于对系统整体涌现产生的新特性和功能认识的缺失所致。二、科学技术发展演化的系统哲学方法论探讨。基于多种视角,人类在审视自己的同时,不断尝试着解读大自然。人们不断发现或创造事物之间的多种联系方式,试图追问自然。而我们在扫描这些解读自然和追问自然的过程、方式、内容和结果时,亦在试着描述系统的物质、能量和信息的交换及其方式,并极力探索其要素、结构和功能的变化。本文试图从事物发展所遵循的系统哲学的差异协同律、层次转化律和整体优化律角度,对科学技术这一复杂系统演化的实质、动力、形式、过程进行探讨。多元性、差异性、相关性、整体性是这个复杂系统的特点,差异是促成这个系统的发展动力,协同则在差异基础上成就了系统的整个发展历程,自组织涌现表达了系统发展演化的形式,层级转化和整体优化则表达了科学技术系统的发展过程。三、人体组织器官的协同优化及自组织行为分析。开放性、多元性、层次性、相关性、动态性、整体性充分表达了人体系统的特点,协同优化和自组织行为是其典型的系统行为。本文对骨骼结构和功能的认识历程进行了简单梳理,并进行了骨的协同优化及其自组织行为分析,提出开放与非平衡是骨力学自组织行为的前提条件,差异信息是骨力学自组织行为的源动力。骨的功能适应性原理充分证实了骨的协同优化及自组织行为。四、生物医学工程发展史研究的方法论探讨。生物医学问题诉求,研究过程的实践介入,研究方法的实证性表达了生物医学工程发展史研究的实证性原则;问题生成的生态环境,交叉学科的整体关照,影响因子的综合考量表达了生物医学工程发展史研究的整体性原则;研究基础的历史性积淀,研究过程的历史性考察,研究体系的历史性结合表达了生物医学工程发展史研究的历史性原则;尊重生命的历史轨迹,聚焦人体系统的历史轨迹,人与外界的作用轨迹表达了生物医学工程发展史研究的生命适切性原则;传统分析方法的不足使其隐匿,系统分析方法以全新的活力面对生命系统,系统分析方法本就是表达系统自组织演化方式的一种方法。本文把人体视为一个复杂的巨系统,研究其运行中会产生诸多只因系统整体的存在而涌现出的新的特性、结构和功能,这些新生事物是系统各部分不能产生的,也是系统各部分简单叠加后不能产生的,只有在各部分因某种需要和某些联系形成“牵一发而动全身”的有机整体方可产生。必须在系统论指导下审视人体生命系统的特性、结构和功能,并运用强调整体和动态的系统方法论,指导生物医学工程研究(这也是生物医学工程学学科本身性质使然),进而回答生命个体或群体的健康问题。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the twentieth Century, the debate on the theory of organism and reductionism in the field of biology contributed to the birth of the general system theory. Although there would be a variety of difficulties, it was indeed a scientific revolution to promote the unity of science. In the process of scientific development, a more perfect methodological guidance was needed while recognizing the advantages of the theory of mechanical reductionism. The emphasis on low level things and high-level things needs to be paid attention to. Local changes in the system will cause other local and overall reactions. In the life system, it is concerned with both the chemical and molecular levels, and the higher life organization. Biomedical engineering is to promote life and health. The engineering discipline, whether it is the development of the basic theory of subject or the research and development of engineering technology, needs to study the change law of the human body from a whole angle and the dynamic point of view, especially the solution to the local problem, which needs to be considered synthetically with the whole life system. The history of engineering development and methodology are discussed. The following four parts are included: first, an overview of the history of biomedical engineering. The rapid development of biomedical engineering began in 1950s. "Life" and "Engineering" are the two core elements of biomedical engineering. Life, including the health and life of individuals of life, is the key element of biomedical engineering. The continuation of the group, which has always been the source of its mission. The project includes the health engineering of individual life and the fair and fair engineering of the life of the group. The development of the medical system, the achievement of the healthy individual life through the solution of the health problems of the life system; the achievement of a healthy group by facilitating the simplicity and low cost of diagnosis and treatment. This article reexamines the concepts and characteristics of biomedical engineering according to the basic rules of the development and evolution of the philosophy of system philosophy. On the basis of the analysis of the development of Biomedical Engineering, this paper finds out the difficulties encountered in solving special problems and local problems, which have been proved to be due to the emergence of the system as a whole. Two, the systematic philosophical methodology of the evolution of science and technology. Based on a variety of perspectives, human beings are constantly trying to interpret nature while examining themselves. People constantly discover or create a variety of connections between things and try to search for nature. And we are scanning these interpretations of nature. The process, the way, the content and the result of the question of nature also try to describe the exchange and way of the material, energy and information of the system, and try to explore the changes in its elements, structures and functions. This article tries to make the difference synergy law of system philosophy, the law of hierarchy transformation and the overall optimization law, and the science and technology from the development of things. The essence, power, form and process of the evolution of this complex system are discussed. Diversity, difference, correlation, and integrity are the characteristics of this complex system. The difference is the driving force for the development of the system, and on the basis of differences, synergy has made the whole development process of the system, and the self organization emerges to express the form of system development and evolution. Level transformation and overall optimization express the development process of the scientific and technological system. Three, the coordination optimization and self-organization analysis of human tissues and organs. The characteristics of human body system are fully expressed by the openness, diversity, hierarchy, relevance, dynamics and integrity, and the cooperative optimization and self-organization behavior are its typical systematic behavior. The cognitive process of the structure and function of the skeleton is simply combed, and the synergistic optimization of bone and the analysis of the self organization behavior are carried out. The precondition for the self organization behavior of bone mechanics is proposed. The difference information is the source of the self organizing behavior of bone mechanics. The principle of functional adaptation of bone fully confirms the synergistic optimization and self-improvement of bone. Organizational behavior. Four, methodological discussion on the development history of biomedical engineering. The demands of biomedical problems, the practical intervention of the research process, the empirical expression of the empirical principles of the research on the development history of biomedical engineering; the ecological environment generated by the problems, the overall consideration of the interdisciplinary department and the comprehensive consideration of the influence factors The holistic principle of the research on the history of biomedical engineering; the historical accumulation of the research foundation, the historical investigation of the research process, the historical combination of the research system and the historical principle of the research on the development history of biomedical engineering; respect for the historical track of life, the historical track of the human body system, and the track table between human and the outside world It has reached the principle of life appropriateness in the research of the history of biomedical engineering; the insufficiency of traditional analytical methods makes it concealed, the system analysis method faces the life system with the new vitality. The system analysis method is a method to express the self organized evolution mode of the system. This article regards human being as a complex giant system and studies its operation. There will be a number of new characteristics, structures and functions that emerge from the existence of the system as a whole. These new things are not produced by all parts of the system and can not be produced by the simple superposition of all parts of the system. Only in the parts of each part, the organic whole can be produced by a certain need and certain connections. Under the guidance of system theory, it is necessary to examine the characteristics, structures and functions of the human life system, and to guide the research of Biomedical Engineering, which is also the nature of Biomedical Engineering, by emphasizing the overall and dynamic system methodology, and then to answer the health problems of life individuals or groups.

【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R318

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