头部碰撞生物力学响应分析

发布时间：2018-05-26 06:34

本文选题：生物力学 + 头部模型　；参考：《兰州理工大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国国民经济水平的提高，汽车保有量也在逐年增加，频繁发生的交通事故随之而来。在大量的交通事故中，，头部损伤占重要的比例，其高致残率及高死亡率也造成了直接的经济损失和家庭不幸等诸多社会、经济问题。因此头部损伤机理的研究及其防护技术在世界各国都受到高度重视，并投入了大量人力物力进行研究。头部具有极为复杂的解剖学结构，同时包含了人体中枢神经系统最重要的器官，对头部进行研究的手段受到极大的限制。在过去的几十年中，研究人员在头部损伤机理的研究领域提出了很多种假说，但是真正意义上能够完整揭示致伤机制的理论仍然有待完善。本文通过对头部解剖学的认识以及头部损伤机理的研究，以有限元分析软件ABAQUS和三维建模软件CATIA为工具，建立一个合理的人体头部有限元模型，通过有限元方法分析交通事故中头部的生物力学响应及影响头部损伤的因素。本文研究了相关文献中头部模型以及人体生物形态，应用三维建模软件CATIA建立了与实际结构相符的头部几何模型，由于头部结构的复杂性，对模型进行了适当简化。为了验证头部模型的合理性，将模型导入ABAQUS中并进行有限元网格划分计算机实验。依据头部标定试验方法的计算机实验结果表明：采用2mm的网格大小可以保证计算的准确性；造成损伤的头部合成加速度最大值为2305m·s-2，满足头部标定试验，即所得数值位于205～2695m·s-2之间，从而确定头部模型是合理的。采用软件ABAQUS模拟了头部碰撞汽车发动机罩板的生物力学响应，对汽车的行驶速度、罩板的厚度以及撞击角度等三个因素进行了分析。计算机实验结果表明：罩板越厚、撞击速度和撞击角度越大，对头部的损伤也严重。研究方法为汽车安全性和头部创伤防护研究提供了参考。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of China ' s national economy , the quantity of automobiles is increasing year by year , and frequent traffic accidents are coming . In a large number of traffic accidents , head injury is an important proportion , and its high disability rate and high mortality rate also result in many social and economic problems such as direct economic loss and family misfortune . Therefore , the research on the mechanism of head injury and its protection technology are highly valued in all countries of the world , and a great deal of manpower and material resources are put into research .

In the past few decades , the research on the mechanism of head injury has been greatly limited . In the past few decades , the researchers have put forward many hypotheses in the field of the research of head injury mechanism .

In order to verify the rationality of the head model , the model is introduced into the software and the finite element mesh is used to divide the computer experiments . The results show that the accuracy of calculation can be ensured by using the mesh size of 2mm .
The maximum synthetic acceleration of the head is 230m 路 s - 2 , and the head calibration test is satisfied , that is , the obtained value lies between 205 and 2695m 路 s - 2 , so it is reasonable to determine the head model .

The biomechanical response of the head - impact automobile engine cover plate is simulated by using the software , and three factors , such as the running speed of the automobile , the thickness of the cover plate and the impact angle , are analyzed . The results show that the thicker the cover plate , the larger the impact velocity and the impact angle , the damage to the head is also serious . The research method provides a reference for the safety and head trauma protection research .
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R318.01

【引证文献】