应用于早期乳腺肿瘤探测的小型化天线设计

发布时间：2018-05-28 02:19

本文选题：超宽带天线 + 微带天线　；参考：《天津大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：乳腺肿瘤是危害妇女健康的常见恶性肿瘤之一,最近几年的医学统计发现其发病率在不断攀升,已经成为危害女性群体的一大杀手,对早期乳腺肿瘤的有效探测成为了有效防治乳腺肿瘤的关键。传统的乳腺肿瘤探测技术如计算机断层扫描技术、乳房x光钼钯成像技术、核磁共振成像技术、近红外线扫描、超声波检查法等具有漏检率高、误检率高、容易引起正常组织癌变等缺点,与这些检测方法相比超宽带微波近场检测技术具有高分辨率、高定位精度、低辐射功率、对人体伤害小等优点,利用超宽带微波检测技术探测早期乳腺肿瘤越来越受到人们的重视。超宽带天线是微波近场检测乳腺肿瘤系统中的关键部件,其性能的好坏对肿瘤探测的准确性起着决定性的作用,天线在检测系统中担任发射超宽带探测脉冲和接收目标物体散射信号的任务,所设计天线应具备超大的带宽、紧凑的尺寸、低色散、好的方向性等要求,因此对检测系统中超宽带天线的设计和研究有着相当重要的意义。本论文系统的总结了实现微带天线小型化的方法,并在此基础上结合乳腺检测系统的要求研究设计了几款小型超宽带天线,并仿真了用所设计天线检测乳腺肿瘤的效果,验证了将其应用于早期乳腺肿瘤检测的可行性。本文首先介绍了超宽带无线电技术的研究历史以及目前的发展情况,简述了超宽带无线电技术的定义、特点和应用领域。然后对早期乳腺肿瘤检测的方法进行了介绍和对比,分析了利用微波检测技术检测乳腺肿瘤的优势,并介绍了这一方法的研究现状和存在的问题。文章的第二部分介绍了超宽带天线的基础理论知识,对衡量天线好坏的基本技术参量做了较全面介绍,探讨了超宽带天线的发展历史、研究现状及趋势,总结了超宽带天线的分类和各类型天线的特点,最后介绍了研究超宽带天线的常用数值分析方法和计算机仿真软件。文章第三部分对实现微带天线小型化的技术方法进行了深入研究,详细分析了各种实现微带天线小型化技术的原理和效果,然后结合微波近场检测乳腺肿瘤系统对天线的要求设计了两款小型化天线实例,对天线的尺寸进行了仿真优化,然后制作了天线实物并测量了实物天线的性能。文章第四部分通过仿真验证所设计天线在微波近场检测乳腺肿瘤中的实际可行性,介绍了人体乳房组织的结构及其电磁特性,结合这些参数利用CST软件建立乳房仿真模型,对微波近场成像检测乳腺肿瘤过程进行了仿真,并利用共焦成像算法对肿瘤进行影像重构,对成像的结果进行了分析。文章的最后对全文总结,并对今后的工作做出了展望。
[Abstract]:Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors that endanger women's health. In recent years, medical statistics have found that the incidence of breast cancer is increasing and has become a major killer of women. Effective detection of early breast tumors has become the key to prevent and treat breast tumors. Traditional breast tumor detection techniques, such as computed tomography, mammo-molybdenum and palladium imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, near-infrared scanning, ultrasonic examination and so on, have high rate of missed detection and high rate of false detection. Compared with these methods, UWB microwave near-field detection technology has the advantages of high resolution, high positioning accuracy, low radiation power, and less harm to human body. More and more attention has been paid to the detection of early breast tumors by UWB microwave detection. Ultra-wideband antenna is a key component in the system of microwave near-field detection of breast tumors. The performance of UWB antenna plays a decisive role in the accuracy of tumor detection. The antenna is responsible for transmitting ultra-wideband detection pulse and receiving the target object scattering signal in the detection system. The designed antenna should have large bandwidth, compact size, low dispersion, good directionality and so on. So it is very important to design and research UWB antenna in detection system. In this paper, the methods of miniaturization of microstrip antenna are summarized systematically. Based on this, several small UWB antennas are designed in combination with the requirements of mammary gland detection system, and the effect of detecting breast tumor with the designed antenna is simulated. The feasibility of its application in early detection of breast tumors was verified. This paper first introduces the research history and current development of UWB radio technology, briefly describes the definition, characteristics and application of UWB radio technology. Then, the paper introduces and compares the methods of early detection of breast tumors, analyzes the advantages of using microwave detection technology to detect breast tumors, and introduces the research status and existing problems of this method. In the second part of the paper, the basic theory of UWB antenna is introduced, and the basic technical parameters to measure the quality of UWB antenna are introduced, and the development history, research status and trend of UWB antenna are discussed. The classification of UWB antennas and the characteristics of UWB antennas are summarized. At last, the common numerical analysis methods and computer simulation software for UWB antennas are introduced. In the third part of the paper, the technical methods of miniaturization of microstrip antenna are studied, and the principle and effect of various miniaturization techniques of microstrip antenna are analyzed in detail. Then two miniaturized antennas are designed according to the requirements of microwave near-field detection system for breast tumor. The size of antenna is simulated and optimized. Then the antenna object is made and the performance of the antenna is measured. In the fourth part of the paper, the feasibility of the designed antenna in detecting breast tumor by microwave near field is verified by simulation. The structure and electromagnetic characteristics of human breast tissue are introduced, and the simulation model of breast is established by using CST software combined with these parameters. The process of detecting breast tumor by microwave near-field imaging is simulated, and the image reconstruction of the tumor is carried out using confocal imaging algorithm. The imaging results are analyzed. At the end of the article, the paper summarizes the full text and makes a prospect for the future work.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R318.6;TN820

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