嵌入式血液粘度无创检测系统的研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 19:28

本文选题：嵌入式 + 血液粘度　；参考：《北京工业大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：人体的脉搏波中蕴含着大量的心脏血管信息，脉搏波波形特征与血流动力学参数的变化紧密相关，血流动力学参数能直接反映心脏血管系统的功能状态，利用检测的心血管血流动力学参数变化可以对心脏功能做出较为全面的评价。血液粘度是重要的心血管功能参数之一，目前临床三高疾病（高脂血症，高血压病，糖尿病）的病理基础都与血液粘度增高的血液流变学的异常改变有关。血液粘度升高导致血流缓慢,微循环功能发生障碍,组织器官缺血缺氧,最终导致心脑血管等循环系统疾患，因此血液粘度是评价这类疾病诊治效果的重要依据之一。通过分析采集到的血流容积脉搏波来获取粘度等心血管血流动力学参数，在心血管疾病、妊娠期疾病的检查、治疗和康复评价上都具有十分重要的作用。嵌入式、便携化的系统设计使得该研究在运动健身领域、家庭医疗方面也具有广阔的运用前景。血液粘度无创检测产品主要是通过脉搏波检测技术来计算血液粘度值，以往的脉搏波波形采集和分析需要人为的干预，在采集过程中需人为的判波、选波和停止采集，自动化程度低，操作繁琐易引入人为因素的影响。目前市场上的脉搏波检测设备受主控芯片运算速度的限制，下位机采集的数据须送PC机进行计算，隔离了系统的整体性。本文的研究目的是快速、方便、准确的测得被测者血液粘度值等心血管参数，更好的为血流动力学的进一步科学研究奠定基础。本课题在心血管血流动力学无创检测理论基础上，重新设计制作了新的血流传感器，在血液粘度检测上设计了新的采集和处理硬件电路，采用新的简单高效的波形提取算法和脉搏波波形质量评价方法，提高了波形采集的质量和准确性，减少人为的干预，在电源供电上采用智能化的电源管理技术，节省电池的电量，延长了系统的工作时间。充分利用数字信号处理器（DSP）高处理速度和低功耗特性，设计出功能全面、结构小巧、抗干扰性强的血液粘度无创检测设备，该设备能实现血流信号增益、基线的自动调节、波形质量实时评价、波形特征有效性判定、脉搏波特征自动提取，并利用过采样技术和无线数据传输技术实现操作的自动化和智能化。本课题的设计意义是为心血管疾病检查和治疗提供科学合理的血流动力学评价参数，提供一种便携式的在体无创血液粘度检测手段，在临床和家庭保健领域提供客观的评价意见和监测技术。
[Abstract]:The pulse wave of human body contains a lot of information of heart blood vessel. The characteristics of pulse wave are closely related to the change of hemodynamic parameters. The hemodynamic parameters can directly reflect the functional state of heart vascular system. The changes of cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters can be used to evaluate cardiac function comprehensively. Blood viscosity is one of the important parameters of cardiovascular function. At present, the pathological basis of three clinical high diseases (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus) is related to the abnormal changes of hemorheology with high blood viscosity. The increase of blood viscosity leads to slow blood flow, dysfunction of microcirculation function, ischemia and hypoxia of tissues and organs, and eventually leads to circulatory diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, blood viscosity is one of the important bases for evaluating the effect of diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. By analyzing the blood flow volume pulse wave to obtain the viscosity and other cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters, it plays a very important role in cardiovascular disease, gestational disease examination, treatment and rehabilitation evaluation. The embedded, portable system design makes the research has a broad application prospect in the field of sports and fitness, family medicine. Blood viscosity non-invasive testing products mainly calculate the value of blood viscosity through pulse wave detection technology. In the past, the acquisition and analysis of pulse wave waveforms need human intervention, and in the process of collection, it is necessary to judge, select and stop collecting waves. The degree of automation is low, the operation is cumbersome and easy to introduce the influence of human factors. At present, the pulse wave detection equipment in the market is limited by the operation speed of the main control chip, so the data collected by the lower computer must be sent to the PC for calculation, thus isolating the integrity of the system. The purpose of this paper is to quickly, conveniently and accurately measure the blood viscosity and other cardiovascular parameters, and lay a foundation for the further scientific research of hemodynamics. On the basis of the theory of non-invasive detection of cardiovascular hemodynamics, a new blood flow sensor is redesigned, and a new collection and processing hardware circuit is designed for the measurement of blood viscosity. New simple and efficient waveform extraction algorithm and pulse wave quality evaluation method are adopted to improve the quality and accuracy of waveform collection, reduce artificial intervention, and adopt intelligent power management technology in power supply. Saving battery power and prolonging the working time of the system. Making full use of the characteristics of high processing speed and low power consumption of digital signal processor (DSP), a non-invasive blood viscosity detecting device with comprehensive function, small structure and strong anti-interference is designed. The device can realize the automatic adjustment of blood flow signal gain and baseline. The real-time evaluation of waveform quality, the validity evaluation of waveform features, the automatic extraction of pulse wave features, and the use of over-sampling technology and wireless data transmission technology to realize the automation and intelligence of the operation. The design significance of this project is to provide scientific and reasonable hemodynamic evaluation parameters for the examination and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and to provide a portable non-invasive blood viscosity measurement method in vivo. Provide objective evaluation and monitoring techniques in the field of clinical and family health care.
【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R318.6

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