一体化仿生光学复眼的制作及其光学性质研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 18:31

本文选题：微光学 + 微光学元件　；参考：《南京航空航天大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：自然界中昆虫的复眼,例如苍蝇的眼睛,是天然存在的多孔径曲面光学探测系统,也是天然存在的实时图像分析和处理系统,具有视场大、重量轻、体积小、对运动物体敏感等特点,是研究者们制作微光电传感器、微光电探测器、微光电成像系统的极佳模型,因此对昆虫复眼的结构、功能等进行仿生也引起了众多科学家、军事学家、医学家的兴趣。因目前仿生复眼多采用微透镜阵列、曲面小孔阵列等独立元件进行高精度耦合得到,为了能进一步减小复眼光电系统的体积,降低耦合难度,本文提出了微透镜、晶锥和波导一体化的仿生光学复眼的物理模型,并围绕其光学性质、制作工艺及应用展开了一定的研究工作。首先本文提出了一体化仿生光学复眼的物理模型,建立了微透镜、晶锥和波导一体化的仿生光学小眼的物理结构,提出使用光线矩阵方法对一体化仿生复眼的光学性质进行分析,经过详细的推导,得到其光线矩阵及主要基点参数。一体化仿生光学小眼的光线矩阵、基点等与圆柱形波导的长度有紧密联系。不同的圆柱形波导长度导致了实像方焦点和虚像方焦点。使用光线追迹的方法对一体化仿生小眼和光学复眼进行了追迹模拟。然后本文采用时域有限差分方法对非线性光学聚合物中的自聚焦效应进行了模拟,证实了在非线性光学聚合物中利用自聚焦效应自写入晶锥、波导一体化仿生小眼结构的可能性。基于数字掩模光刻系统的特点,提出使用FDTD方法对具有衍射面型的非线性聚合物光学薄膜的自聚焦效应进行了模拟与分析,因此本文对表面为平面,不带任何微结构、表面带有微透镜微结构、表面带有按底面半径均匀量化衍射面型微结构以及表面带有按矢高均匀量化衍射面型微结构共四种面型的薄膜进行了模拟。模拟结果表明:由折射率升高引起的自聚焦效应可以用来在非线性光学聚合物薄膜内写入波导结构;表面带有微透镜微结构和表面按矢高高阶均匀量化衍射面型微结构的非线性光学聚合物薄膜在与敏感波长相互作用时,自写入波导结构的效果与一体化仿生光学小眼的物理模型最为接近。本文详细给出了制作一体化仿生光学复眼的工艺流程,其中的光刻工艺分别采用了传统铬掩模版和数字掩模技术进行。提出采用具有一定曲率半径的基底作为支撑,制作曲面一体化仿生光学复眼,这种方法增加了曲面复眼所在曲面的曲率半径的确定性,降低了制作曲面仿生光学复眼的难度。对制作出的仿生复眼的三维形貌和光学性质做了测试与分析。使用傅里叶光学方法得到一体化仿生光学小眼的点扩展函数的数学表达式,且实验测试与模拟两者的结果相符。本文最后讨论了一体化仿生光学复眼在与其他光电器件集成中的应用。对一体化仿生光学复眼在与图像传感器集成方面进行了分析,另外对一体化仿生光学复眼在耦合半导体激光器与II光纤的应用做了讨论,结果表明,当一体化仿生光学复眼的圆柱形波导长度在一定范围内变化时,对耦合效率有一定的影响。
[Abstract]:In nature, the compound eye of insects, such as the eye of the fly, is a natural multi aperture surface optical detection system. It is also a natural real-time image analysis and processing system. It has the characteristics of large field of view, light weight, small volume and sensitive to moving objects. It is the researchers making micro optical sensors, microphotodetectors, microphotoelectrical imaging. A good model of the system, so the bionics of the structure and function of the compound eye of insects has also aroused the interest of many scientists, militarists and physicians. Because of the high precision coupling of independent components such as microlens array and surface small aperture array, the volume of the compound eye optoelectronic system can be further reduced. In this paper, the physical model of microlens, crystal cone and waveguide integrated bionic optical compound eye is proposed, and a certain research work has been carried out on its optical properties, fabrication technology and application. Firstly, the physical model of integrated bionic optical compound eye is put forward, and the bionic optics of microlens, crystal cone and waveguide integration is built. The optical properties of the integrated bionic compound eye are analyzed by the ray matrix method, and the light matrix and the main base point parameters are obtained through detailed deduction. The light matrix and the base point of the integrated bionic optical small eye are closely related to the length of the cylindrical waveguide. The length guide of different cylindrical waveguides is different. In this paper, the autofocus effect in nonlinear optical polymers is simulated by using the finite difference time domain method, and the autofocus effect in non linear optical polymers is confirmed by using the finite difference time domain method. The possibility of integrating the crystal cone and the waveguide integrated biomimetic microstructure. Based on the characteristics of the digital mask photolithography system, the FDTD method is used to simulate and analyze the self focusing effect of the nonlinear polymer optical thin film with the diffraction pattern. Therefore, the surface is plane, without any microstructures, with microlens microjunction on the surface. The surface has a uniform quantization of the diffractive surface microstructures with the radius of the bottom surface and the surface with a total of four types of surfaces, which are uniformly quantized by the vector. The simulation results show that the self focusing effect caused by the rise of the refractive index can be used to write the waveguide structure in the nonlinear optical polymer film; A nonlinear optical polymer film with microlens microstructures and a high order of high order on the surface of the diffractive facet is the most close to the physical model of an integrated bionic optical eye when interacting with the sensitive wavelengths. The effect of the self written waveguide structure is close to the physical model of an integrated bionic optical eye. In the process, the photolithography process in which the traditional chrome mask and digital mask technology are used respectively. Using the base of a certain radius of curvature as the support, the surface integrated bionic optical compound eye is made. This method increases the determination of the curvature radius of the surface of the compound surface, and reduces the bionic optical compound eye of the surface. The three-dimensional morphology and optical properties of the bionic compound eye are tested and analyzed. The mathematical expression of the point spread function of the integrated bionic optical eye is obtained by Fourier optics, and the experimental test is in agreement with the simulation results. Finally, the integrated bionic optical compound eye is discussed with other optoelectronic eyes. The integration of the integrated bionic optical compound with the image sensor is analyzed. In addition, the application of the integrated bionic optical compound in the coupled semiconductor laser and II fiber is discussed. The results show that when the length of the circular cylindrical waveguide of the integrated bionic optical compound eye changes in a certain range, it is shown that the optical compound eye of the integrated bionic optical compound eye is changed in a certain range. The coupling efficiency has a certain influence.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R318.18

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