四通道呼吸音检测仪

发布时间：2018-11-04 13:16

【摘要】：呼吸音俗称肺音，它能够反映音源特征，并且能够反映肺部组织、气管及胸壁等传播媒介的声学特性，通过对呼吸音的检测可以有效准确的诊断呼吸系统疾病。常见的呼吸音检测工具是传统的听诊器，这种听诊器使用历史悠久，且诊断方法也很成熟，普及很广泛。但它也同时存在诸多的不尽人意的地方。如对病人的诊断往往根据医生的主观经验进行，不同医学水平的医生会得出不同的诊断结果，这样的情况对于病人疾病的治疗是不利的。同时很多细微的信号无法被医生察觉，忽略了诊断的细节，同样不利于病人的治疗。如果听诊器采用先进的电子技术将病人的呼吸音进行精确的采集和数据分析，将大大提高我国现有医学在呼吸疾病诊断方面的水平。本文就从这一设想出发，研发一种智能型的呼吸音检测仪器。文章从以下几个方面对呼吸音检测仪的设计工作进行详尽的描述。（1）详细描述了呼吸音产生的机理和主要的特征，与传统听诊器进行了比较。（2）明确了设计任务和技术指标。通过分析这些需求提出了系统的总体设计框图，并加以解释。（3）描述系统的硬件设计，如传感器的选型；信号调理电路的设计；耳机电路的设计；数据采集电路；可编程逻辑器件的设计；ARM7内核主控制器；USB接口设计；液晶显示等。（4）描述系统的软件设计，包括具体的任务划分和流程图，详尽的讲解了软件的整体设计思路。（5）描述系统的调试方法，包括硬件及软件的调试步骤及具体到每个模块的调试细节，同时对调试中出现的问题进行了总结并提出了解决办法。在文章的最后提出了一些今后工作的改进意见，，如有些干扰需要彻底解决，显示菜单应该丰富等。当然也取得了一些成绩如：传感器电路调试成功；放大电路及滤波电路调试成功，带上耳机可选择监听肺部不同部位的呼吸音；实现呼吸音的采集和数据传输；完成uC/OS-II的移植和应用；以前只使用过单色液晶，这次通过呼吸音检测仪器的设计实现了彩色液晶的显示；系统功耗低、便于携带。最后提出了改进的设想以及展望日后工作方向的。在附录中，提供了完整的电路原理图及实际的电路板外观图。
[Abstract]:Respiratory sound, commonly known as lung sound, can reflect the characteristics of sound source, and can reflect the acoustic characteristics of lung tissue, trachea and chest wall. The detection of respiratory sound can effectively and accurately diagnose respiratory diseases. The traditional stethoscope is a common instrument for detecting respiratory sounds. It has a long history, and the diagnostic methods are very mature and widely used. But it also has many unsatisfactory places at the same time. If the diagnosis of the patient is often based on the subjective experience of the doctor, the doctor of different medical level will get different diagnostic results, which is unfavorable to the treatment of the patient's disease. At the same time, many subtle signals can not be detected by doctors, ignoring the details of the diagnosis, also detrimental to the treatment of patients. If the stethoscope uses advanced electronic technology to collect and analyze the respiratory sounds of patients accurately, it will greatly improve the level of diagnosis of respiratory diseases in current medicine in China. Based on this assumption, this paper develops an intelligent breathing sound detection instrument. This paper describes the design of respiratory tone detector in detail from the following aspects. The main results are as follows: (1) the mechanism and main characteristics of respiratory sound production are described in detail and compared with traditional stethoscope. (2) the design task and technical index are defined. By analyzing these requirements, the overall design block diagram of the system is presented and explained. (3) hardware design of the description system, such as sensor selection, signal conditioning circuit design, headset circuit design, data acquisition circuit, programmable logic device design, ARM7 kernel master controller, USB interface design, LCD display, etc. (4) describes the software design of the system, including the specific task division and flow chart, and explains the overall design idea of the software in detail. (5) the debugging methods of the system are described, including the debugging steps of hardware and software and the debugging details of each module. The problems in debugging are summarized and the solutions are put forward. At the end of the paper, some suggestions for improving the future work are put forward, such as some interference needs to be solved thoroughly, the display menu should be rich and so on. Of course, some achievements have been made, such as the success of sensor circuit debugging, the successful debugging of amplifying circuit and filter circuit, the use of headphones to monitor respiratory sounds in different parts of the lungs, the acquisition of breath sounds and the transmission of data; The uC/OS-II is transplanted and applied. Only monochromatic liquid crystal has been used in the past. The display of color liquid crystal is realized by the design of breath tone detecting instrument. The system has low power consumption and is easy to carry. Finally, the paper puts forward the idea of improvement and looks forward to the future work direction. In the appendix, the complete circuit schematic diagram and the actual circuit board appearance diagram are provided.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH776

【相似文献】