基于RP的膝关节建模及型面精度控制

发布时间：2018-11-12 18:17

【摘要】：随着社会的进步和科技的发展，人们的生活水平越来越高，大量的先进制造技术被应用在医学领域以改善人们的生活条件。骨骼病变或发生意外再称骨骼损伤，对人体造成很大的伤害和痛苦。人体关节缺损修复长期以来一直都是人类关注的一个热点问题。在现实生活中由于各种各样的特殊情情况，，如疾病、战争、意外事故等等，使得人体骨及骨关节受损，因而带来了成千上万的截肢患者。这这些截肢患者的存在不仅严重影响了其本身的生活，而且日益成为当今社会不容忽视的群体。为了减少减轻他们的病痛假肢研究从无到有，从最简单的木制假肢到现在的智能假肢，假肢的研究已经有了巨大的进步。在传统的骨科骨骼替换手术中医生既要保证手术的顺利进行又要对被替换骨骼进行反复的测量，这个过程有可能会持续十多天之久，对病人造成长时间的痛苦。因此，开展个性化的、新的人工膝关节的缺损修复方法具有重要的社会意义和实用价值。本文是建立在快速成型技术的基础之上与上述医学难题相结合，利用医学CT图建立膝关节模型或利用三维软件直接创建膝关节模型，并在此基础上利用快速成型制造技术使之实物化，同时对模型进行了相关力学性能测试。具体主要内容如下：首先，详细阐述快速成型技术的基本原理及工艺，以其该技术在骨科医学应用，提出了制造三维医学模型和制造仿生人造骨骼两种思路。其次，对膝关节进行三维建模。采用对基于医学CT图的CAD三维建模方法和三维软件实体直接建模两种方法进行研究，本文采用后一种直接建模的方法对膝关节进行模型。再次，快速成型技术制造膝关节精度控制分析。对制造过程可能会造成模型的误差的各种原因进行分析并提出相应的控制措施。最后，利用ANSYS软件对模型进行有限元分析，主要进行应力场以及温度场分析，以达到验证模型有效性的目的。最后对全文的研究工作进行了总结，并对下一步的研究工作提出了新的建议和设想。
[Abstract]:With the progress of society and the development of science and technology, people's living standard is getting higher and higher. A large number of advanced manufacturing technology has been applied in the field of medicine to improve people's living conditions. Bone lesion or accidental bone injury causes great injury and pain to human body. Human joint defect repair has long been a hot issue of human attention. In real life due to various special situations such as diseases wars accidents and so on human bones and joints are damaged which brings thousands of amputees. The existence of these amputees has not only seriously affected their own life, but also become a group which can not be ignored in today's society. In order to reduce their pain in prosthetic research from scratch, from the simplest wooden prosthesis to the present intelligent prosthesis, the research of prosthesis has made great progress. In the traditional orthopedic bone replacement surgery, doctors should not only guarantee the smooth operation but also measure the replaced bone repeatedly. This process may last for more than ten days and cause long-term pain to the patients. Therefore, it is of great social significance and practical value to carry out individualized and new prosthetic knee joint repair methods. This paper is based on the rapid prototyping technology and the combination of the above medical problems, using the medical CT diagram to establish the knee joint model or the use of three-dimensional software to create the knee joint model directly. On this basis, the rapid prototyping technology is used to materialize the model, and the mechanical properties of the model are tested. The main contents are as follows: firstly, the basic principle and technology of rapid prototyping technology are described in detail. Based on the application of rapid prototyping technology in orthopedic medicine, two ideas are put forward to manufacture three-dimensional medical model and biomimetic artificial skeleton. Secondly, the three-dimensional modeling of knee joint is carried out. The CAD 3D modeling method based on medical CT diagram and the 3D software entity direct modeling method are studied in this paper. The latter method is used to model the knee joint. Thirdly, rapid prototyping technology is used to analyze the precision control of knee joint. This paper analyzes various reasons that may cause model error in manufacturing process and puts forward corresponding control measures. Finally, the finite element analysis of the model is carried out by using ANSYS software, and the stress field and temperature field are mainly analyzed to verify the validity of the model. Finally, the paper summarizes the research work, and puts forward new suggestions and ideas for the next research work.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R318.1

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