生物来源水凝胶在组织工程中的应用与进展

发布时间：2018-11-29 10:26

【摘要】：目的综述各种生物来源水凝胶的特性及其在组织工程领域的应用与研究进展。方法查阅近年有关生物来源水凝胶的文献,并对其进行分析总结。结果生物来源水凝胶大体可分为单一成分(胶原蛋白、透明质酸、壳聚糖、藻酸盐及丝素蛋白等)水凝胶及多成分(基质胶、细胞外基质提取物、脱细胞基质)水凝胶两大类。它们大多来自生物组织的细胞外基质,因此具有良好的生物相容性及生物活性。其中,脱细胞基质水凝胶无论成分还是结构,均更加符合仿生学要求,是目前最接近细胞生长天然环境的支架材料。结论生物来源水凝胶已广泛应用于组织工程研究,尽管现有水凝胶材料仍存在力学性能欠佳、降解速度过快以及血管化、灭菌方法、免疫原性等方面的问题,但随着优化机制的不断深入研究,有望获得理想的生物来源水凝胶材料,并真正应用于临床。
[Abstract]:Objective to review the properties of various biological hydrogels and their applications in tissue engineering. Methods the literatures about biological hydrogels in recent years were reviewed and analyzed. Results Bio-derived hydrogels could be divided into two groups: single (collagen, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, alginate and silk fibroin) hydrogels and multicomponent hydrogels (matrix gum, extracellular matrix extract, acellular matrix) hydrogel. Most of them come from extracellular matrix of biological tissue, so they have good biocompatibility and bioactivity. Among them, acellular matrix hydrogels, both in composition and structure, are more in line with the requirements of bionics, and are the scaffold materials closest to the natural environment of cell growth. Conclusion Bio-derived hydrogels have been widely used in tissue engineering, although the existing hydrogel materials still have some problems, such as poor mechanical properties, rapid degradation, vascularization, sterilization, immunogenicity, etc. However, with the further study of optimization mechanism, it is expected to obtain ideal biological hydrogel materials and be used in clinical practice.
【作者单位】：四川大学华西医院甲状腺乳腺外科;
【分类号】：R318.08

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