基于嵌入式原理的小型超声热化疗仪的研制

发布时间：2019-05-16 03:08

【摘要】：热疗是继外科手术、放射性治疗、化学药物治疗之后的又一个有效的恶性肿瘤治疗方法。同时热疗能够与放疗、化疗有协同放大作用，，符合恶性肿瘤综合治疗的理念。随着近年来工程技术的飞速发展，肿瘤热疗领域获得了较快的发展，这其中既有直接使蛋白质凝固坏死杀伤肿瘤的HIFU（High Intensity Focused Ultrasound，高强度聚焦超声）为代表的高热疗法，也有通过数次加热，诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、利用肿瘤细胞与正常细胞热反应不同从而治疗肿瘤的温热疗法。该论文描述了一种利用超声作为热源，通过各种测温手段得到治疗区域温度并将其应用到负反馈控制调节使治疗温度趋于稳定在所需的治疗温度附近，用嵌入式平台作为系统的核心所实现的智能化、小型化、安全有效的温热超声肿瘤热化疗仪。超声肿瘤热化疗仪硬件部分划分为五个模块：主控嵌入式平台、信号产生与功率放大、控制、温度检测、水冷循环。各模块各司其职，共同完成治疗任务。其中主控嵌入式平台，是整个仪器的核心，负责人机交互、系统控制、温度计算、控制运算等工作，是实现整个系统智能、安全的关键。信号产生与功率放大，负责信号的产生、功率的放大以及串联谐振，是驱动超声换能器产生能量输出的关键。控制模块，主要由一块下位控制芯片及其外周电路组成，负责与嵌入式平台通讯并执行各项控制指令。温度检测模块，主要由热电偶测温探针以及配套电路和数模转换组成，负责检测各监控点的温度并传送到嵌入式平台，是整个系统控制数据的来源。水冷循环系统，包括了恒流泵在内的水循环系统和风扇、半导体散热片在内的冷却系统，负责对耦合水囊中的水冷却处理，防止出现表面烫伤。超声肿瘤热化疗仪的软件按照模块化的思想分为了五个模块，分别是：病人数据库管理、温度信息采集、温度调节、系统控制、通讯。其中病人数据库模块负责记录病人的相关信息，并保存病人历次治疗的各项情况，该模块以后将与医院病人管理系统对接。温度信息采集负责通过诸如热电偶探针、磁共振等各种方式采集各监控点的温度数据。温度调节负责根据采集得到的温度信息，采用合理的算法得到需要输出的超声功率。系统控制负责将各种计算结果转化为控制参数与控制命令，控制整个系统正常工作。通讯负责通过RS-232串口在嵌入式平台和下位控制芯片之间进行信息传递。目前已在原有超声肿瘤治疗设备的基础上制作完成了小型化的改进型超声肿瘤热化疗仪，并且对仪器的软件系统进行了二次编写，改进原有软件，为后续数据库对接、磁共振测温的加入提供了预留的接口函数，同时重新编写的软件为超声肿瘤热疗设备与化疗仪器的结合打下了基础。
[Abstract]:Hyperthermic therapy is another effective treatment of malignant tumor after surgery, radiation therapy and chemical drug therapy. At the same time, hyperthermia can cooperate with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which accords with the concept of comprehensive treatment of malignant tumors. With the rapid development of engineering technology in recent years, the field of tumor hyperthermic therapy has been developed rapidly, which is represented by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU (High Intensity Focused Ultrasound, high intensity focused ultrasound), which directly causes protein coagulation and necrosis to kill tumor. There are also thermotherapy for the treatment of tumor cells by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells through several times of heating and using different thermal reactions between tumor cells and normal cells. This paper describes a method of using ultrasound as heat source to obtain the temperature of the treatment area by various means of temperature measurement and to apply it to the negative feedback control to stabilize the treatment temperature near the required treatment temperature. The embedded platform is used as the core of the system to realize the intelligent, miniaturized, safe and effective thermothermal ultrasound thermochemotherapy instrument. The hardware of ultrasonic tumor thermochemotherapy instrument is divided into five modules: main control embedded platform, signal generation and power amplification, control, temperature detection, water cooling cycle. Each module performs its own duties and completes the treatment task together. The main control embedded platform is the core of the whole instrument, such as computer interaction, system control, temperature calculation, control operation and so on, which is the key to realize the intelligence and security of the whole system. Signal generation and power amplification, responsible for signal generation, power amplification and series resonance are the key to drive ultrasonic transducer to produce energy output. The control module is mainly composed of a lower control chip and its peripheral circuit, which is responsible for communicating with the embedded platform and executing various control instructions. The temperature detection module is mainly composed of thermocouple temperature measuring probe, supporting circuit and digital-to-analog conversion. It is responsible for detecting the temperature of each monitoring point and transmitting it to the embedded platform. It is the source of the control data of the whole system. Water cooling cycle system, including constant current pump and fan, semiconductor heat sink, is responsible for cooling water in coupling water capsule to prevent surface scald. The software of ultrasonic tumor thermochemotherapy instrument is divided into five modules according to the idea of modularization, which are: patient database management, temperature information collection, temperature regulation, system control and communication. The patient database module is responsible for recording the relevant information of the patient and saving the treatment of the patient. The module will be docked with the hospital patient management system in the future. Temperature information collection is responsible for collecting temperature data of monitoring points by means of thermocouple probe, magnetic resonance and so on. According to the collected temperature information, the temperature regulation is responsible for obtaining the ultrasonic power that needs to be output by using a reasonable algorithm. System control is responsible for converting all kinds of calculation results into control parameters and control commands, and controlling the normal operation of the whole system. Communication is responsible for information transmission between embedded platform and lower control chip through RS-232 serial port. At present, a miniaturized improved ultrasonic tumor thermochemotherapy instrument has been made on the basis of the original ultrasonic tumor treatment equipment, and the software system of the instrument has been compiled twice, and the original software has been improved to connect with the subsequent database. The addition of magnetic resonance temperature measurement provides a reserved interface function, and the rewritten software lays a foundation for the combination of ultrasonic tumor hyperthermic equipment and chemotherapy instrument.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R197.39

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