血球仪数字化关键技术研究

发布时间：2019-05-15 20:45

【摘要】：现代医学中，血球仪能迅速检测人体血液的主要成分，在临床医疗中占据了重要地位。国内早期的血球仪受到当时条件限制，基本采用模拟电路来识别血细胞信号，该方法无法识别较复杂信号从而产生漏计或错计。此外采用模拟电路识别血细胞信号，电路体积庞大、调试困难、电路参数易受到环境等因素影响，导致识别统计变得不准确。随着集成电路、EDA技术的发展，数字技术在社会生产各方面得到了越来越广泛的应用。数字化检测方法不易受电源等因素的干扰，且可以识别复杂信号，电路简单且稳定。采用数字化的方法对血细胞信号检测无疑是解决以上问题的最佳途径之一。本文针对血球仪数字化得需求，通过对血细胞信号分析，提出一种易于在FPGA中实现的状态分析识别算法，采用该方法在Cyclone II系列FPGA（EP2C35）中完成了三通道血细胞分析装置设计。在此基础上，采用SOPC技术将Nios II处理器、LCD控制器、血细胞识别装置等功能模块在单片FPGA中实现，减少了血液分析仪的电路板体积并降低了实现成本，同时提高了血球仪识别统计的性能。另外设计了高速数据采集电路、四线电阻式触摸屏控制器、血细胞信号发生器等构成整个血液分析硬件平台。在Nios II集成开发环境下采用小巧实用的μC/OS-II实时操作系统和用户图形界面μC/GUI完成血液分析人机交互系统，并在该人机交互系统中完成了整个应用程序的设计。最后，采用质控血和血细胞信号发生器对血球仪的重复性与线性度这两项关键指标进行测试，测试结果表明本血球仪在这两项指标上均满足《血液分析仪国家医药行业标准》中的要求，，可以用于临床医学诊断。
[Abstract]:In modern medicine, blood cell meter can quickly detect the main components of human blood, and occupies an important position in clinical medicine. The early blood cell instrument in China was limited by the conditions at that time, and the analog circuit was basically used to identify the blood cell signal. This method can not identify the more complex signal, resulting in leakage or miscalculation. In addition, the analog circuit is used to identify the blood cell signal, the circuit volume is large, the debugging is difficult, and the circuit parameters are easily affected by the environment, which leads to the inaccurate recognition statistics. With the development of integrated circuit and EDA technology, digital technology has been more and more widely used in all aspects of social production. The digital detection method is not easily interfered by power supply and can identify complex signals. The circuit is simple and stable. Digital detection of blood cell signal is undoubtedly one of the best ways to solve the above problems. In this paper, according to the requirement of digital blood cell instrument, through the analysis of blood cell signal, a state analysis and recognition algorithm which is easy to be realized in FPGA is proposed, and the design of three-channel blood cell analysis device is completed in Cyclone II series FPGA (EP2C35). On this basis, the Nios II processor, LCD controller, blood cell recognition device and other functional modules are realized in a single FPGA by using SOPC technology, which reduces the circuit board volume of the blood analyzer and reduces the implementation cost. At the same time, the performance of blood cell meter recognition and statistics is improved. In addition, the high speed data acquisition circuit, four-wire resistance touch screen controller and blood cell signal generator are designed to form the whole hardware platform of blood analysis. In the integrated development environment of Nios II, the human-computer interaction system of blood analysis is completed by using the small and practical 渭 C/OS-II real-time operating system and user graphical interface 渭 C/GUI, and the whole application program is designed in the human-computer interaction system. Finally, the reproducibility and linearity of the blood cell instrument were tested by using the quality control blood and blood cell signal generator. The results show that the blood cell instrument meets the requirements of the National Pharmaceutical Industry Standard of Blood Analyser on these two indexes and can be used for clinical medical diagnosis.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH776;R318.6

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