利用脑电及光电联合检测分别研究注意中的定向和执行控制
发布时间：2019-05-27 00:15
【摘要】：注意是人类重要的认知功能之一。人的学习、生活和工作中会涉及多种认知功能，其中注意功能非常关键，注意功能的异常与多种疾病密切相关，因此对注意神经机制的研究具有很重要的意义。 本文围绕注意的定向和执行控制两个组成成分展开研究。对于注意定向，采用脑电技术考察了视觉空间注意定向对刺激处理的影响和威胁情绪对注意定向的影响。对执行控制，采用近红外光谱术（NIRS）和脑电技术结合的光电联合手段考察了Stroop任务中执行控制的神经机制。主要的研究内容和结论如下： （1）在持续性注意条件下的线索-目标任务中，结合事件相关电位（ERP）和事件相关振荡（ERO）两种分析，考察视觉空间注意定向对刺激处理的影响。结果发现有效刺激P1幅度比无效刺激更正。有效刺激theta频段功率显著增加，且大于无效刺激，说明theta频段可能表征注意资源的多少。alpha频段在注意视野同侧后部脑区功率显著增加，体现了一种主动抑制机制。视觉空间注意对beta频段的调节与alpha频段相似，说明beta频段可能反映了与alpha频段类似的机制。结果说明视觉空间注意通过增强注意刺激的处理和抑制干扰刺激两种机制的结合影响刺激的处理。 （2）情绪点探测任务中结合ERP和ERO两种分析，考察威胁情绪相对于愉悦情绪的注意偏向。情绪线索呈现500ms时，威胁线索诱发的N1成分比愉悦线索更负，该效应在额中区最大；威胁线索诱发的theta频段功率的增加大于愉悦线索，这一效应在后部脑区显著。N1结果表明对威胁情绪的处理偏向与早期注意处理相关，theta结果支持了后部脑区theta同步性反映对刺激情绪意义的评估。ERP和ERO结果从不同的方面说明了注意能够更多地定位到威胁情绪线索。 （3）联合NIRS和脑电技术，同步测量颜色-字匹配Stroop任务中的血氧响应和电生理响应，以考察执行控制的神经机制。结果发现反应时和晚正复合波（LPC）的Stroop效应上存在性别差异。LPC的Stroop效应只对女性被试显著，且与女性被试较大的反应时Stroop效应正相关。说明LPC反映字义的额外处理，女性被试进行了更精细的语义分析，贡献于其更大的反应时Stroop效应。N450的Stroop效应出现在不一致刺激的行为反应之前，且它与前额叶氧合血和蛋白（HbO2）的Stroop效应负相关。具体为左侧前额叶HbO2的Stroop效应与N450前段（440-580ms）的Stroop效应负相关，，而双侧前额叶HbO2的Stroop效应与N450后段（600-680ms）的Stroop效应负相关。这说明N450反映冲突探测和解决，左侧前额叶可能参与冲突探测，而双侧前额叶参与冲突解决。 本研究加深了对注意定向和执行控制神经机制的理解，同时对研究疾病注意功能的异常有积极的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Attention is one of the important cognitive functions of human beings. People's study, life and work will involve a variety of cognitive functions, in which attention function is very critical, attention function abnormalities are closely related to a variety of diseases, so it is of great significance to study the neural mechanism of attention. In this paper, the two components of attention orientation and execution control are studied. For attention orientation, the effect of visual spatial attention orientation on stimulation treatment and threat emotion on attention orientation were investigated by EEG technique. For executive control, the neural mechanism of executive control in Stroop task was investigated by the combination of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG). The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) in the clue-target task under the condition of continuous attention, combined with the analysis of event-related potential (ERP) and event-related oscillatory (ERO), To investigate the effect of visual spatial attention orientation on stimulation treatment. The results showed that the amplitude of effective stimulation P1 was corrected compared with that of ineffective stimulation. The power of effective stimulation of theta band is significantly higher than that of ineffective stimulation, which indicates that theta band may represent the amount of attention resources. The power of brain region in ipsilateral posterior part of attention field in alpha band is significantly increased, which reflects an active inhibition mechanism. The adjustment of visual spatial attention to beta band is similar to that of alpha band, which indicates that beta band may reflect the similar mechanism with alpha band. The results showed that visual spatial attention affected the processing of stimulation by enhancing the treatment of attention stimulation and inhibiting the combination of interference stimulation. (2) the attention bias of threat emotion relative to pleasure emotion was investigated by combining ERP and ERO analysis in the task of emotional point detection. When emotional cues presented 500ms, N1 components induced by threat cues were more negative than pleasure cues, and the effect was the largest in the middle forehead. The increase of theta power induced by threat cues was greater than that of pleasure cues, which was significant in the posterior brain region. N1 results showed that the bias of threat emotion management was related to early attention treatment. Theta results support the evaluation of emotional significance of theta synchronism in posterior brain regions. ERP and ERO results show that attention can be more likely to locate threatening emotional clues in different aspects. (3) combined with NIRS and EEG, the blood oxygen response and electrophysiological response in color-word matching Stroop task were measured synchronously in order to investigate the neural mechanism of executive control. The results showed that there was a gender difference in the Stroop effect between the reaction time and the late positive wave (LPC). The Stroop effect of LPC was only significant in the female subjects, and positively correlated with the Stroop effect in the female subjects. It is shown that the extra processing of LPC reflects the meaning of the word, and the female subjects performed a more detailed semantic analysis, which contributed to the Stroop effect in the larger response. The Stroop effect of N450 appeared before the behavioral response of inconsistent stimuli. It was negatively correlated with the Stroop effect of prefrontal lobe oxygen and protein (HbO2). The Stroop effect of left prefrontal lobe HbO2 was negatively correlated with the Stroop effect of N450 anterior segment (440-580ms), while the Stroop effect of bilateral prefrontal lobe HbO2 was negatively correlated with the Stroop effect of N450 posterior segment (600-680ms). This indicates that N450 reflects conflict detection and resolution, the left preforehead lobe may be involved in conflict detection, while the bilateral preforehead lobe may be involved in conflict resolution. This study deepens the understanding of attention orientation and executive control neural mechanism, and has positive guiding significance for the study of abnormal attention function in diseases.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R318
本文编号：2485750
[Abstract]:Attention is one of the important cognitive functions of human beings. People's study, life and work will involve a variety of cognitive functions, in which attention function is very critical, attention function abnormalities are closely related to a variety of diseases, so it is of great significance to study the neural mechanism of attention. In this paper, the two components of attention orientation and execution control are studied. For attention orientation, the effect of visual spatial attention orientation on stimulation treatment and threat emotion on attention orientation were investigated by EEG technique. For executive control, the neural mechanism of executive control in Stroop task was investigated by the combination of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG). The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) in the clue-target task under the condition of continuous attention, combined with the analysis of event-related potential (ERP) and event-related oscillatory (ERO), To investigate the effect of visual spatial attention orientation on stimulation treatment. The results showed that the amplitude of effective stimulation P1 was corrected compared with that of ineffective stimulation. The power of effective stimulation of theta band is significantly higher than that of ineffective stimulation, which indicates that theta band may represent the amount of attention resources. The power of brain region in ipsilateral posterior part of attention field in alpha band is significantly increased, which reflects an active inhibition mechanism. The adjustment of visual spatial attention to beta band is similar to that of alpha band, which indicates that beta band may reflect the similar mechanism with alpha band. The results showed that visual spatial attention affected the processing of stimulation by enhancing the treatment of attention stimulation and inhibiting the combination of interference stimulation. (2) the attention bias of threat emotion relative to pleasure emotion was investigated by combining ERP and ERO analysis in the task of emotional point detection. When emotional cues presented 500ms, N1 components induced by threat cues were more negative than pleasure cues, and the effect was the largest in the middle forehead. The increase of theta power induced by threat cues was greater than that of pleasure cues, which was significant in the posterior brain region. N1 results showed that the bias of threat emotion management was related to early attention treatment. Theta results support the evaluation of emotional significance of theta synchronism in posterior brain regions. ERP and ERO results show that attention can be more likely to locate threatening emotional clues in different aspects. (3) combined with NIRS and EEG, the blood oxygen response and electrophysiological response in color-word matching Stroop task were measured synchronously in order to investigate the neural mechanism of executive control. The results showed that there was a gender difference in the Stroop effect between the reaction time and the late positive wave (LPC). The Stroop effect of LPC was only significant in the female subjects, and positively correlated with the Stroop effect in the female subjects. It is shown that the extra processing of LPC reflects the meaning of the word, and the female subjects performed a more detailed semantic analysis, which contributed to the Stroop effect in the larger response. The Stroop effect of N450 appeared before the behavioral response of inconsistent stimuli. It was negatively correlated with the Stroop effect of prefrontal lobe oxygen and protein (HbO2). The Stroop effect of left prefrontal lobe HbO2 was negatively correlated with the Stroop effect of N450 anterior segment (440-580ms), while the Stroop effect of bilateral prefrontal lobe HbO2 was negatively correlated with the Stroop effect of N450 posterior segment (600-680ms). This indicates that N450 reflects conflict detection and resolution, the left preforehead lobe may be involved in conflict detection, while the bilateral preforehead lobe may be involved in conflict resolution. This study deepens the understanding of attention orientation and executive control neural mechanism, and has positive guiding significance for the study of abnormal attention function in diseases.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R318
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