电刺激岛叶皮层对大鼠呼吸运动的影响

发布时间：2018-02-23 23:24

本文关键词： 睡眠呼吸暂停岛叶皮层电刺激颏舌肌膈肌高频电深部脑刺激　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：睡眠呼吸暂停综合征，又称睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症是指每晚7小时睡眠过程中呼吸暂停反复发作30次以上或者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）≥5次/小时并伴有嗜睡等临床症状。行多导睡眠图仪（PSG）监测可明确诊断。根据发病机制分为三类，其中阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征占大多数。患阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSA)时，由于反复发作的低血氧、高碳酸血症可致神经功能失调，儿茶酚胺、内皮素及肾素-血管紧张素系统失调，内分泌功能紊乱及血液动力学改变，造成全身多器官多系统损害，严重影响人体健康。我国多个地区对该疾病的流行病学调查显示人群发病率为4%左右，且男性高于女性。由于生活水平的提高及人们生活习惯的改变，该疾病的发病率呈上升趋势，因此对该疾病发病的中枢机制及可能的治疗方法的研究刻不容缓。目的：探讨电刺激岛叶皮层对大鼠呼吸运动的影响，从而对OSA发病机制的进一步研究提供理论依据。方法：将65只大鼠随机分为三组：电刺激岛叶组：实验组15只，对照组10只；电刺激缰核组：实验组10只，对照组10只；高频电刺激阻断缰核后电刺激岛叶组20只。首先应用同心圆电极刺激岛叶皮层、缰核，同时记录大鼠呼吸曲线、颏舌肌及膈肌肌电活动，每次连续描记1小时。电刺激岛叶出现呼吸暂停确定位置后，立即高频电（200Hz,0.08-0.1mA，0.3ms）刺激缰核30min，然后刺激岛叶皮层，同时记录大鼠呼吸曲线、颏舌肌及膈肌肌电活动。应用SPSS13.0统计软件对所得数据采用配对样本t检验，P0.05为差异有显著性意义。实验数据以均数±标准差表示，数据应符合正态分布。 1、电刺激岛叶组：由于大鼠出血、麻醉等原因死亡。因此记录Wistar大鼠21只刺激前后呼吸曲线及颏舌肌、膈肌肌电。其中实验组12例，刺激后大鼠出现明显的呼吸暂停及不同程度的呼吸紊乱。呼吸频率较刺激前加快，呼吸幅度较刺激前加大。刺激前后二者变化差异具有显著意义。颏舌肌肌电活动受到明显抑制，表现为颏舌肌放电减少甚至消失，与刺激前相比，肌电幅度降低，并延续到刺激停止后一段时间才恢复到刺激前水平。同时膈肌肌电活动明显增强，表现为肌电幅度明显升高，并延续到刺激停止后一段时间才恢复刺激前水平。对照组大鼠9只，未出现呼吸暂停及呼吸紊乱，刺激前后呼吸频率和呼吸幅度无显著差异，颏舌肌及膈肌肌电无显著差异。 2、电刺激缰核组：电刺激缰核后，大鼠出现明显的呼吸暂停及呼吸紊乱，颏舌肌肌电受到明显抑制，表现为颏舌肌放电减少甚至消失，与刺激前相比，肌电幅度降低，并延续到刺激停止后一段时间才恢复到刺激前水平。同时膈肌肌电活动明显增强，，表现为肌电幅度明显升高，并延续到刺激停止后一段时间才恢复刺激前水平。 3、应用200Hz高频电刺激缰核不能引起大鼠呼吸暂停，在高频电刺激缰核30min后电刺激岛叶皮层，大鼠呼吸紊乱程度较未高频电刺激缰核前程度减轻。结论：1、电刺激岛叶皮层可引起大鼠不同程度的呼吸暂停、呼吸紊乱及颏舌肌、膈肌肌电活动的改变。2、电刺激缰核可引起大鼠不同程度的呼吸暂停、呼吸紊乱及颏舌肌、膈肌肌电活动的改变。3、不同频率电刺激对大鼠呼吸运动影响不同，高频电刺激可能阻断缰核，从而阻断岛叶皮层信号传导。
[Abstract]:Sleep apnea syndrome, also known as sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome refers to 7 hours per night during sleep apnea repeated more than 30 times or sleep apnea hypopnea index (AHI) is more than 5 times per hour and accompanied by lethargy and other symptoms. For polysomnography (PSG) monitoring can make a definite diagnosis. According to the pathogenesis. Divided into three categories, including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The majority of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), due to repeated episodes of hypoxemia, hypercapnia can cause neurological disorders, catecholamines, endothelin and renin-angiotensin system disorders, change endocrine disorders and systemic hemodynamics, causing multiple organ damage, seriously affect human health. In many areas of China on the epidemiological investigation of the disease showed that incidence rate is about 4%, and higher than the male Women, because of the improvement of living standard and the change of people's living habits, the incidence of this disease is on the rise. Therefore, it is urgent to study the central mechanism and possible treatment of the disease.
Objective: To explore the effects of electrical stimulation of the insula on the respiratory movement in rats, and to provide a theoretical basis for further research on the pathogenesis of OSA.
Methods: 65 rats were randomly divided into three groups: electrical stimulation of insular group: experimental group 15, control group 10; electrical stimulation of habenular nucleus group: experimental group 10, control group 10; high frequency electrical stimulation of habenular nucleus after blocking electrical stimulation of insular group 20. The first to stimulate insular application of concentric electrode cortex, habenula, simultaneous recording of breathing curve of rats, genioglossus and phrenic muscle activities, each successive record 1 hours. Electrical stimulation of the insula appear apnea is located, immediate high frequency electric (200Hz, 0.08-0.1mA, 0.3ms) 30min stimulation of habenular nucleus, then stimulate the insular cortex. At the same time to record the breath curve of rats, genioglossus and phrenic muscle activities. The application of SPSS13.0 statistical software for data obtained using the paired samples t test, P0.05 had significant difference. The experimental data with the mean standard deviation of that data should be consistent with the normal distribution.
1, electrical stimulation of insular group: rats due to bleeding, death and other reasons. Therefore, recorded before and after anesthesia 21 Wistar rats stimulated respiration curve and genioglossus and diaphragm EMG. Among the 12 cases in the experimental group, after stimulation appears significantly different degree of apnea and breathing disorders, respiratory rate is. Before stimulation accelerated, respiratory amplitude is before stimulation increased. There was significant difference between the two changes before and after stimulation. The genioglossus EMG activity was inhibited and the performance of genioglossus muscle discharge decreased or even disappeared, compared with before stimulation, the EMG amplitude decreased, and continues to stimulate a period of time to stop after recovery to pre stimulus at the same time. The level of diaphragmatic EMG activity increased, as the EMG amplitude was significantly increased, and continues to be a period of time after cessation of stimulation was restored to the level before stimulation. The control group of 9 rats without apnea and respiratory disorders, respiratory frequency before and after stimulation There was no significant difference in rate and amplitude of respiration, but no significant difference between genitocutaneous and diaphragmatic myoelectromyography.
2, electrical stimulation of the habenular nucleus group: electrical stimulation of habenular nucleus after rats appear obvious apnea and respiratory disorders, genioglossus muscle activity was inhibited and the performance of genioglossus muscle discharge decreased or even disappeared, compared with before stimulation, the EMG amplitude decreased, and continues to be a period of time after cessation of stimulation did not recover to the level before stimulation. At the same time the diaphragmatic EMG activity increased, as the EMG amplitude was significantly increased, and continues to be a period of time after cessation of stimulation was restored to the level before stimulation.
3, 200Hz high frequency electrical stimulation of habenular nucleus can not cause apnea in rats. After stimulation of habenular nucleus 30min after high frequency electrical stimulation, the degree of respiratory disturbance in rats is reduced compared with that before high frequency electrical stimulation of habenular nucleus.
Conclusion: 1, electrical stimulation of insular cortex can cause different degree rat respiratory pause, respiratory disturbance and genioglossus and diaphragm EMG activity changes of.2, electrical stimulation of habenular nucleus can cause different degree rat respiratory pause, respiratory disturbance and genioglossus and diaphragm EMG activity changes of.3, different the frequency effect of electric stimulation on the respiratory movement of rats, high frequency stimulation may block the habenular nucleus, thereby blocking the signal transduction in the insular cortex.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R766

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