干细胞与角膜眼表重建研究进展

发布时间：2018-05-14 10:32

本文选题：角膜缘干细胞 + 角膜缘干细胞龛　；参考：《眼科新进展》2016年08期

【摘要】：角膜是眼表的重要防护屏障和光学系统的重要组成部分,其完整性和透明性是实现有效视功能的重要前提。各种原因造成的眼表疾病未经及时有效治疗都有可能发展到终末阶段——角膜缘干细胞功能障碍,包括角膜缘干细胞数目的减少和微环境的病理改变。自体角膜移植无疑是治疗角膜缘干细胞功能障碍最有效的方法。但是供体角膜来源十分有限,且切除健眼组织行角膜移植可能会对健眼造成长期损害。随着干细胞研究的不断深入和组织工程技术的兴起,组织工程角膜应运而生,并且迅速发展。其基本原理为选用生物性能良好的支架材料,体外模拟角膜缘干细胞微环境,诱导各类种子干细胞分化为角膜类上皮,然后再行角膜眼表重建。常用种子细胞包括角膜缘干细胞、胚胎干细胞、诱导多能干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、皮肤干细胞、口腔黏膜干细胞。本文就上述干细胞在角膜眼表重建中的应用作一综述。
[Abstract]:Cornea is an important protective barrier and an important component of optical system, and its integrity and transparency is an important prerequisite for the realization of effective visual function. Without prompt and effective treatment, various causes of ocular surface diseases may develop to the terminal stage of limbal stem cell dysfunction, including the reduction of the number of limbal stem cells and the pathological changes of microenvironment. Autologous keratoplasty is undoubtedly the most effective method for the treatment of limbal stem cell dysfunction. But the source of donor cornea is very limited, and corneal transplantation may cause long-term damage to healthy eye. With the development of stem cell research and tissue engineering technology, tissue engineering cornea emerged as the times require and developed rapidly. The basic principle is to select scaffolds with good biological properties, simulate the microenvironment of limbal stem cells in vitro, induce all kinds of seed stem cells to differentiate into corneal epithelium, and then perform corneal surface reconstruction. Commonly used seed cells include limbal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, skin stem cells, oral mucosa stem cells. This article reviews the application of stem cells in corneal surface reconstruction.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院眼科;
【分类号】：R772.2

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