中小学生近距离工作现况与视力不良关系及预防对策的研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 04:04

本文选题：中小学生 + 视力不良　；参考：《天津医科大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的在过去的几十年中,世界上许多国家都进行了有关学生视力及相关影响因素的研究,多项研究显示中国学生的视力不良情况极其严峻。2014年天津市体质调研结果显示天津市学生的近视检出率高达66.3%。本研究旨在描述天津市中小学生视力现状,比较不同年龄、性别学生的视力不良情况,并通过调查中小学生在近距离工作时的工作距离、时长、姿势等现状,探讨中小学生近距离工作现况及其与视力不良之间的关系,从而提出切实可行的预防视力不良的方案。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法确定研究对象。于2016年9-12月在天津市两个市区共抽取五所学校的在校学生进行调查,其中包含三所小学(1-6年级)以及两所中学(7-12年级)学生,共2092人。由专业人员采用标准对数视力表对研究对象进行视力检查,学生任一眼裸眼视力低于5.0为视力不良;并对研究对象进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括:学生的基本信息,如姓名、性别、出生日期等社会人口学信息;学生的近距离工作情况,如读写时长、距离以及近距离工作时的用眼习惯等。所有数据采用EpiData3.1进行录入,并进行逻辑性检验;采用SPSS 20.0进行统计分析,使用的方法包括Z检验、卡方检验、秩相关、卡方趋势检验及logistic回归分析等,以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果本次共调查学生2092人,男生女生比例为1:1。天津市市区中小学生总体视力不良检出率为59.8%,其中轻度视力不良检出率为9.3%,中度视力不良检出率为20.2%,重度视力不良检出率为30.4%。天津市中小视力不良检出率随年龄的增长而呈上升趋势(c2=275.076,P0.001),10-13岁学生视力不良检出率增长最为明显。天津市女生视力不良检出率为64.9%,男生为54.8%,女生高于男生,差异有统计学意义(c2=22.351,P0.001)。天津市中小学生在读写时眼睛距书本距离≤30cm的学生占比高达86.7%,平均每日读写时长为4.9(2.8,8.1)h,天津市中小学生在读写时约有30.6%的学生存在歪头情况;天津市中小学生中有85.0%的学生使用手机,使用手机时眼睛距屏幕距离≤30cm的学生高达83.6%,天津市中小学生使用手机时长≥0.5h的学生占58.2%,使用手机姿势不正确的学生占27.7%;天津市中小学生中有56.9%的学生使用平板电脑,使用平板电脑时眼睛距屏幕距离≤30cm的学生高达78.6%,使用平板电脑时长≥0.5h的学生占29.2%,使用平板电脑姿势不正确的学生占比为29.3%;天津市中小学生中有64.2%的学生使用电脑,使用电脑时距离≤50cm的学生占比为59.4%,使用电脑时长≥0.5h的学生占23.4%,使用电脑姿势不正确的学生占5.8%;高达75.6%的学生连续近距离工作时长超过半小时;有约40.7%的学生有在暗环境下使用电子产品的习惯。视力不良相关影响因素的单因素分析显示:学生读写时歪头(c2=28.541,P0.001)、读写时长越长(Z=3.616,P0.001)、读写距离≤30cm(c2=20.590,P=0.968)、使用手机(c2=20.083,P0.001)、使用手机姿势不当(c2=13.772,P0.001)、使用手机距离≤30cm(c2=10.026,P0.05)、使用手机时长≥0.5h(c2=45.623,P0.001)、使用平板电脑(c2=8.353,P0.05)、使用平板电脑距离≤30cm(c2=8.569,P0.05)、使用电脑(c2=3.928,P0.05)、近距离工作持续时长≥0.5h(c2=31.315,P0.001)、有暗环境下使用电子产品习惯(c2=31.109,P0.001)等因素是学生视力不良的危险因素。经多因素logistic回归分析检验,发现天津市中小学生视力不良的危险因素有:(1)学生读写距离;(2)学生使用手机时长;(3)学生读写时长。结论(1)2016年天津市中小学生的视力不良检出率为59.8%,且存在年龄、性别、年级段的差异。(2)天津市中小学生近距离工作现况令人担忧,存在工作时间过长、姿势不正确、距离过近等问题。(3)近距离工作是天津市中小学生视力不良的危险因素,读写时长、读写距离、使用手机时长尤其值得注意。实行相应的预防对策,改善天津市学生的视力状况迫在眉睫。
[Abstract]:Objective in the past few decades, many countries in the world have conducted research on students' eyesight and related factors. A number of studies show that the poor vision of Chinese students is extremely severe in.2014 years in the city of Tianjin. The results of Tianjin city's physical investigation show that the prevalence of myopia in Tianjin is up to 66.3%.. This study aims to describe the small and medium-sized Tianjin city. The students' visual acuity is compared with the students of different ages and the poor eyesight of the students. By investigating the working distance, length and posture of the primary and middle school students, the relationship between the present condition of the primary and middle school students and the relationship with the poor vision is discussed, so as to put forward a practical and feasible scheme to prevent the poor vision. A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to determine the subjects. In 9-12 months of 2016, a total of five school students were selected from three primary schools (grade 1-6) and two middle school (7-12 grade) students, including 2092 students. The standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was used for the study. The students' visual acuity was less than 5 in any eye, and a questionnaire was conducted on the subjects. The contents of the questionnaire included the basic information of the students, such as name, sex, date of birth, and other social demography information; the student's close work, such as reading and writing long, distance, and eye use. EpiData3.1 was used for entry and logical test, and SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis. The methods used included Z test, chi square test, rank correlation, chi square trend test and logistic regression analysis. The difference was statistically significant in P0.05. The results were 2092 students in this study, and the proportion of boys and girls was in the city of Tianjin city. The prevalence rate of poor visual acuity in primary school students was 59.8%, of which the detection rate of mild vision poor was 9.3%, the detection rate of moderate poor vision was 20.2%. The detection rate of severe poor vision was 30.4%. in Tianjin City, the positive rate of poor vision was up with the increase of age (c2=275.076, P0.001), and the rate of poor vision detection rate in 10-13 year old students increased most. The detection rate of poor eyesight in Tianjin girls was 64.9%, boys were 54.8%, girls were higher than boys, the difference was statistically significant (c2=22.351, P0.001). Students in Tianjin were 86.7%, 4.9 (2.8,8.1) h for reading and writing, and 30 in reading and writing in Tianjin. Among the students in.6%, 85% of the primary and middle school students in Tianjin used their mobile phones, and 83.6% of the students with the distance to the screen with the distance to the screen when using their mobile phones were up to 83.6%. The students who used the mobile phone longer than 0.5h in Tianjin accounted for 58.2%, and 27.7% of the students used the incorrect mobile phone position, and 56.9% of the primary and middle school students in Tianjin were students. Using tablet computers, the students with the distance from the screen to the screen are up to 78.6% when using a tablet computer, 29.2% of the students with a tablet longer than 0.5h and 29.3% with the incorrect posture of the tablet computer; 64.2% of the students in Tianjin's primary and middle school use the electroencephalogram, and the students with the distance less than 50cm are 59.4. %, 23.4% of the students with a computer with longer than 0.5h, 5.8% with incorrect computer posture, and 75.6% of the students who were more than half an hour long, and about 40.7% of the students had a habit of using electronic products in a dark environment. 8.541, P0.001), the longer the reading and writing (Z=3.616, P0.001), the reading and writing distance less than 30cm (c2=20.590, P=0.968), the use of the mobile phone (c2=20.083, P0.001), the improper posture of the mobile phone (c2=13.772, P0.001), the use of the mobile phone distance less than 30cm (c2=10.026,), the use of a tablet, and the use of a tablet computer. The brain distance is less than 30cm (c2=8.569, P0.05), using the computer (c2=3.928, P0.05), the length of the close distance work is more than 0.5h (c2=31.315, P0.001). The use of electronic product habit (c2=31.109, P0.001) in dark environment is the risk factor for students' poor vision. Through multi factor Logistic regression analysis, it is found that the students in Tianjin are poor eyesight. The risk factors are: (1) students reading and writing distance; (2) students using mobile phone long; (3) students reading and writing long. Conclusion (1) the detection rate of poor students in Tianjin in 2016 is 59.8%, and there is age, sex, grade differences. (2) the present condition of the middle and primary school students in Tianjin is worrying, long working time and incorrect posture, Distance and other problems. (3) close work is the risk factor of poor eyesight of primary and middle school students in Tianjin. It is especially worth paying attention to the length of reading and writing, reading and writing distance and the use of mobile phone. It is imminent to carry out the corresponding preventive measures to improve the vision of students in Tianjin.
【学位授予单位】：天津医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R778.11

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