贵阳地区318例变应性鼻炎患者过敏原谱及相关危险因素分析
发布时间：2018-07-03 08:01
本文选题：变应性鼻炎 + 过敏原谱 ； 参考：《遵义医学院》2017年硕士论文
【摘要】：目的:调查贵阳地区变应性鼻炎(Allergic rhinitis,AR)的流行病学特征,并分析其相关的危险因素,旨在为贵阳地区变应性鼻炎的预防及治疗提供参考。方法:所有样本采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机选取:第一阶段从贵阳市10个区市/县(即云岩区、南明区、花溪区、乌当区、白云区、观山湖区、清镇市、息烽县、开阳县、修文县)中随机抽取4个区市/县(南明区、云岩区、清镇市和花溪区);第二阶段从样本区市/县中随机抽取3个乡镇/街道;第三阶段从所抽取的乡镇/街道中随机抽2个行政村或居民小区的居民。采用问卷调查的方法收集研究变应性鼻炎的患病率、相关危险因素及流行病学的分布特点。儿童及老年人在监护人指导下完成调查。对435例疑是变应性鼻炎的居民进行血清IgE的检测来确诊。所有研究对象分为变应性鼻炎患者和健康人(排除其他重大疾病)。研究对象按年龄分为少年儿童(4~18岁),青年人(18~44岁),中年人(45~59岁),老年人(≥60岁)4个组。对调查问卷进行分类和统计,先采用卡方检验进行单因素分析筛选出有统计学意义的可能危险因素,再采用二分类变量logistics回归分析过敏性鼻炎发生的独立风险因素。结果:本次研究发放问卷1230份,收回有效问卷1203份,确诊AR患者318例。贵阳市清镇市、云岩区、南明区、花溪区的AR患病率分别为26.75%(65/243)、29.61%(130/439)、27.13%(105/387)和13.43%(18/134)。云岩区、南明区、清镇市AR患病率明显高于花溪区(X2=14.038,P=0.0030.01),这可能与城区车流量、人口密度大有关。贵阳地区AR总患病率为26.43%(318/1203),少年儿童患者患病率为28.96%(95/328),仅次于青年人患率29.72%(167/562)。但在AR指南中指出儿童患病率较高,可能与为了便于问卷调查,4岁以下儿童未纳入研究对象相关。318例AR患者中49例总IgE为100-200UL/ml,阳性率为15.41%,183例总IgE㧐200UL/ml,阳性率为57.55%。贵阳地区AR患者过敏原以户尘螨为主,不同年龄段的阳性率分别为少年儿童28.40%、青年人31.10%、中年人26.70%、老年人27.30%。此外,较为常见的过敏原还有狗毛皮屑、混合树花粉、蟑螂、混合霉菌、腰果等。结论:1、AR在南明区、云岩区、清镇市、花溪区都有发生,但不同地区的患病率不同。2、户尘螨是贵阳市AR患者过敏原的主要来源。3、贵阳地区AR患者主要集中在青年人、少年儿童,45岁以上随年龄增加AR的患病率逐渐下降。4、AR的发病与遗传和环境相关,经常开窗通风对于预防变应性鼻炎起到重要的作用。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Allergic rhinitis AR in Guiyang area and analyze its related risk factors in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis in Guiyang area. Methods: all samples were randomly selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. In the first stage, 10 districts / counties of Guiyang (i.e. Yunyan District, Nanming District, Huaxi District, Wudang District, Baiyun District, Guanshan Lake District, Qingzhen City, Xifeng County) were selected randomly. In Kaiyang County, Xiuwen County, 4 districts / counties were randomly selected (Nanming District, Yunyan District, Qingzhen City and Huaxi District). In the third stage, the residents of two administrative villages or residential areas were randomly drawn from the selected towns / streets. The prevalence, risk factors and epidemiological distribution of allergic rhinitis were investigated by questionnaire. Children and the elderly completed the investigation under the guidance of their guardians. Serum IgE levels were detected in 435 patients with suspected allergic rhinitis. All subjects were divided into allergic rhinitis patients and healthy people (excluding other major diseases). The subjects were divided into 4 groups according to their age: children (4 ~ 18 years old), young people (18 ~ 44 years old), middle age (4559 years) and elderly (鈮，
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