弱视儿童的自我意识研究

发布时间：2018-07-18 10:35

【摘要】：弱视是一种常见的严重损害儿童视力的视觉发育相关性疾病，不仅影响感觉，还对知觉、注意以及其它个体心理成分产生影响。自我（self）是反映人类心理最本质特征的一个重要方面，自我意识是它的一个重要组成部分。目前，弱视患儿的自我意识水平国内、外还没有相关研究，弱视患儿的自我意识水平是值得关注的一个问题。通过研究了解弱视儿童自我意识的发展水平，对比出弱视儿童和正常儿童在心理功能上的差异，为弱视儿童心理功能的完善提供依据，从而帮助弱视儿童更好的回归社会。同时让更多的人了解、关注到这一特殊群体，为患儿更好的康复提供帮助。论文从知觉自我、记忆自我、内省自我三个层面由浅入深的对弱视儿童的自我意识进行系列研究。研究一采用，3（面孔：自我面孔、熟悉面孔、不熟悉面孔）×3（视觉条件：双眼、弱视眼、正常眼）和3（声音：自我、熟悉、不熟悉）×2（位置：左手、右手）组内实验设计，因变量均为反应时、正确率。研究二由两个实验组成，均采用访谈法。实验一从逻辑顺序性、内容丰富性、主动性、体态四个维度对被试自传体记忆水平进行评价。实验二从过去、未来两个方向，对被试的时间心理旅行能力进行评价。研究三由两个实验组成。实验一采用2（参照：自我参照、他人参照）×2（词性：积极、消极）的混合实验设计，参照是组间变量，词性是组内变量，因变量为自由回忆率。实验二采用2（分组：正常组、弱视组）×2（参照：自我状态、一般常识）混合实验设计，分组是组间变量，参照是组内变量，因变量为反应时、判断正确数。研究结果表明，①4-6岁的弱视儿童已经可以通过内轮廓来进行面孔识别，不同性别面孔识别的正确率差异有统计学意义，男性正确率高于女性；不熟悉面孔的反应时与自我面孔的反应时差异有统计学意义，不熟悉面孔的反应时比自我面孔反应时短。②4-6岁弱视儿童对不同声音识别的正确率差异有统计学意义，对熟悉的声音的正确率高于不熟悉声音和自我声音的正确率。③在自传体记忆逻辑顺序性、内容丰富性、主动性和体态四个维度上弱视儿童的得分均低于正常儿童，且差异有统计学意义。④4岁、5岁弱视儿童、正常儿童时间心理旅行能力差异没有统计学意义。⑤5岁正常儿童、弱视儿童在形容词条件下不同参照的自由回忆率均没有统计学意义。⑥5岁正常儿童、弱视儿童在句子条件下不同参照的反应时差异均有统计学意义，对一般常识的反应时明显低于对自我状态的反应时；不同性质句子上判断是正确地得分差异均有统计学意义，在积极句子条件下选择对自己的描述是正确地次数均明显高于消极句子条件下；正常儿童和弱视儿童之间差异没有统计学意义。研究结论如下：4-6岁弱视儿童已经具备通过内轮廓准确辨认自己面孔的能力，，且更容易区分出不熟悉的面孔。男性面孔识别的正确率比女性高。通过认知训练可以提高弱视眼对面孔图片的识别能力。4-6岁弱视儿童更容易识别熟悉的声音。4岁、5岁弱视儿童自传体记忆水平均低于正常儿童。4岁的弱视儿童就已经具有时间心理旅行的能力，且4岁、5岁弱视儿童时间心理旅行能力的发展趋势和正常儿童相一致，都符合儿童发展的一般规律。5岁正常儿童、弱视儿童在形容词条件下均没有出现自我参照效应。5岁正常儿童、弱视儿童对描述自我状态句子的加工时间均比一般常识的长，对自己的评价明显倾向于积极地。
[Abstract]:Amblyopia is a common visual development related disease that seriously damages the vision of children. It affects not only sensation, but also perception, attention and other individual psychological components. Self (self) is an important aspect reflecting the most essential characteristics of human psychology. Self consciousness is an important part of it. At present, children with amblyopia are amblyopia The level of self-consciousness of amblyopia children is a problem worthy of attention. The development level of self-consciousness of amblyopia children is understood and the differences in psychological function of amblyopia children and normal children are compared to provide the basis for the improvement of mental function of amblyopia children. Amblyopia children return to society better. At the same time, let more people understand, pay attention to this special group, provide better help for children's recovery.
The thesis studies the self consciousness of amblyopia children from three levels: perceptual self, memory self and introspection. Study one adopts, 3 (face: self face, familiar face, unfamiliar face) x 3 (visual condition: eyes, amblyopia, normal eyes) and 3 (voice: self, familiarity, unfamiliarity) * 2 (position: left hand, right) The experimental design in the hand group, because the variables are all reaction, the correct rate. Study two is composed of two experiments, all of which are interviewed. The experiment one evaluates the level of autobiographical memory from four dimensions of logical sequence, content richness, initiative and body state. Experiment two from the past and the next two directions, the time psychological travel ability of the subjects. Study three is composed of two experiments. Experiment one adopts a mixed experiment design with 2 (Reference: self reference, other reference) x 2 (positive, negative), reference is inter group variable, part of speech is intra group variable, and variable is free recollection rate. Experiment two adopts 2 (Group: normal group, amblyopia group) x 2 (Reference: self state, general constant) Knowledge) mixed experimental design, grouping is a group of variables, the reference is the group variables, the dependent variable is the response time, the correct number.
The results show that: (1) the 4-6 Year Old amblyopia children can have face recognition through the inner contour. The correct rate difference between different sex faces is statistically significant and the male correct rate is higher than that of the female. The response of the unfamiliar face to the self face is significant, and the response of the unfamiliar face is more than the self. The face response was short. (2) the 4-6 Year Old amblyopia children had a statistically significant difference in the correct rate of different sound recognition. The correct rate for the familiar sound was higher than the correct rate of unfamiliar sound and self sound. (3) the scores of amblyopia children in the four dimensions of autobiographical memory logic sequence, content richness, initiative and body posture were lower than normal. Children, and the difference was statistically significant. (4) 4 years old, 5 years old children with amblyopia, normal children's mental travel ability difference is not statistically significant. 5 normal children 5 years old, amblyopia children under the adjective conditions of different reference free recall rate are not statistically significant. 6. 5 years old children, amblyopia children under the sentence conditions different reference The reaction time difference is statistically significant, the response to general knowledge is obviously lower than the response to the self state. There was no statistically significant difference between children with amblyopia.
The results of the study are as follows: 4-6 year old children with amblyopia have the ability to identify their faces accurately and easily distinguish unfamiliar faces. The correct rate of male face recognition is higher than that of women. Cognitive training can improve the recognition ability of amblyopia to face images..4-6 year old children with amblyopia are more likely to recognize familiar sound. .4 years old, 5 year old amblyopia children's autobiographical memory level is lower than normal children.4 years old children have the ability to travel time psychological travel, and 4 years old, 5 year old children's time psychological travel ability is consistent with normal children, all in line with the development of children's normal.5 years old children, amblyopia children in the adjective There is no self reference effect in the normal children of.5 years old. The processing time of the amblyopia children is longer than common sense in describing the self state sentences, and the evaluation of their own is obviously inclined to be positive.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R777.44

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