2014年全国各

发布时间：2018-08-22 07:35

【摘要】：目的:分析2014年我国各省、自治区、直辖市汉族学生视力不良情况,为制定学生视力不良防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法:选取2014年全国学生体质与健康调研中7~22岁汉族学生261 832名,使用5 m标准对数视力表进行视力检查,对视力不良者,使用串镜检查,判断有无屈光不正。使用Logistic回归对汉族学生视力不良的相关因素进行多元分析,采用Arc Map 10绘制视力不良检出率的区域地图。结果:7~22岁汉族学生视力不良率为66.6%,各年龄组均是城市女生视力不良率最高(73.5%)。有60.8%的学生为疑似近视,占视力不良分类的90%以上。与2010年相比,视力不良在13~15岁学生中涨幅最快,增长了6.8个百分点。2014年各省、自治区、直辖市汉族学生视力不良检出率为50.6%~76.2%。视力不良检出率最高的前三省为江苏(76.2%)、浙江(76.0%)和山东(75.9%),检出率最低的前三省为海南(50.6%)、贵州(53.9%)和新疆(57.6%)。Logistic回归分析发现,女生、城市学生、放学后做家庭作业时间超过2 h的学生更容易发生视力不良,而每天体育锻炼2 h及以上的学生更不易发生视力不良。结论:虽然各省情况有所差异,但是视力不良已经成为影响我国各省、自治区、直辖市学生健康的问题,在针对重点人群(如城市女生和青春期发育前的学生)干预的基础上,还应继续加强对全体学生视力不良的预防和控制。
[Abstract]:Objective: To analyze the poor eyesight of Han students in various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in 2014, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of poor eyesight. The correlation factors of poor eyesight among Han students were analyzed by logistic regression, and the regional map of the detection rate of poor eyesight was drawn by Arc Map 10. Results: The rate of poor eyesight among Han students aged 7-22 was 66.6%. The highest rate of poor eyesight was found among urban girls (73.5%). 60.8% of the students were suspected myopia, accounting for more than 90% of the classification of poor eyesight. Compared with 2010, the rate of poor eyesight among students aged 13-15 increased by 6.8 percentage points. In 2014, the detection rate of poor eyesight among Han students in all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government was 50.6%-76.2%. The first three provinces with the highest detection rate of poor eyesight were Jiangsu (76.2%) and Zhejiang (76.2%). 76.0% and 75.9% in Shandong, Hainan (50.6%), Guizhou (53.9%) and Xinjiang (57.6%) had the lowest detection rate. Logistic regression analysis showed that female students, urban students, students who did homework more than 2 hours after school were more likely to have poor vision, while students who exercised for 2 hours or more per day were less likely to have poor vision. Although the situation is different in different provinces, poor eyesight has become a problem affecting the health of students in various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. On the basis of intervention on key groups (such as urban girls and pre-puberty students), we should continue to strengthen the prevention and control of poor eyesight of all students.
【作者单位】：北京大学公共卫生学院妇女与儿童青少年卫生学系北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(81302442) 国家留学基金管理委员会(201606015038) 北京大学公共卫生学院青年人才支持计划基金资助~~
【分类号】：R778

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