用汉语声调研究注意前阶段抽象听觉规则的提取
发布时间：2018-10-05 17:58
【摘要】：抽象是生物体认识世界和感知世界所必须的一项高级的认知功能,即从具体的,复杂的事物中总结内在的规律,从而抽取出一个普遍存在的共性。对于动物来说,这一能力是它们生存的需要,从而可以从复杂多变的环境中抽取规律以保证生存。同时,这一能力对于人类日常的语言交流是非常关键的,因为在日常生活中,我们听到的语音信号具有很大的可变性,如声音的强度,频率和时间特性,并且还经常夹杂着环境噪音。为了保证语音的交流,我们的听觉皮层必须对这种语言信号的可变性作出应变,即听觉皮层不仅需要处理声音信号本身,同时还要处理各种声音信号之间的关系,在复杂变化的语音信息流中获取并且形成有效的抽象的客体概念,比如说话人的识别或者话语的内容。这种语音信号之间的关系即语言中的听觉规则是不变的和抽象的,尽管语音信号本身具有很大的可变性。当前对于这一课题的研究已经取得了很大的进展,如使用fMRI的方法研究语言中听觉信号的规律的提取反映了在注意阶段大脑听觉皮层具有对于语音信号进行抽象的能力。在注意前阶段,对于声音信号中不变的听觉规律的提取的研究主要集中在非语言(non-speech)的背景下,即使用一些纯音(pure tone)作为声音刺激材料,在不同的纯音对(pure tone pair)频率不断改变的情况下,其隐含的频率上升或者下降的规律可以在注意前阶段就被提取出来。尽管这提示我们人类的这一在注意前阶段处理声音频率之间的规律的能力对于语言的感知和音乐的欣赏是非常关键的,而如果直接在复杂变化的语言信号(speech)中抽取声音频率的规律,同时这一频率的规律又直接影响语义(semantics)的理解,这样的研究较之用非语言材料更能直接的反映对于人类语言感知所非常关键的变化声音信号中规律的提取能力。本论文采用汉语声调作为声音材料,通过人工合成上百个汉语元音(a, e, i, u)并且将这些元音赋予声调(一声调,二声调和四声调),在这些声音中,每一个元音都具有3个不用的声音强度,并且都具有3种不同的声调,而每一种声调的基频又是不断变化的,即合成的一声调具有10个不同的基频梯度,合成的二声调和四声调具有3个不同的基频梯度,通过将这些人工合成的上百个汉语元音随即播放而形成一个复杂的语音听觉流,而在这一听觉流中嵌入一个声音基频特征的抽象的规律,即尽管声音的共振峰,声音强度和基频本身都在不断变化,但其中大部分声音都可以感知为一声调(flat tone),在偶尔的情况下,这一规律会被二声调(rising tone)或者四声调(falling tone)的随机出现所打破。本研究的实验结果表明,在复杂语音听觉信息流中隐含的抽象的声调信息的规律可以被母语受试者在注意前阶段抽取出来,即诱发稳定的失匹配负波成分(mismatch negativity),而在实验记录中受试者并不会发现也不会察觉这一规律。本研究反映了语音感知过程中存在的一种感觉智能(sensory intelligence),而这一感觉智能的存在提示了人类在注意前阶段就可以在复杂和不断变化的听觉环境中提取抽象的和有效的听觉规律,并且这一感觉智能的存在可以大大节省人们有限的意识资源。
[Abstract]:Abstract: Abstract: It is a high-level cognitive function that organisms recognize the world and perceive the world, that is to summarize the inherent laws from concrete and complex things, thus drawing out a common general character. For animals, this ability is the need to survive so that laws can be drawn from a complex and complex environment to ensure survival. At the same time, this capability is critical to human daily verbal communication, because in everyday life, we hear voice signals that have great variability, such as the intensity, frequency and time characteristics of sound, and are often mixed with environmental noise. in order to guarantee the exchange of speech, our auditory cortex must strain the variability of the speech signal, i. e. the auditory cortex requires not only the sound signal itself but also the relationship between the various sound signals, An effective abstract object concept, such as a speaker's recognition or utterance, is acquired and formed in complex varying voice information streams. The relationship between such speech signals is that the auditory rules in the language are invariant and abstract, although the speech signal itself has great variability. The current research on this subject has made great progress, such as the extraction of auditory signals in speech using the method of fmri reflects the ability of the auditory cortex of the brain to abstract the speech signal during the attention phase. In the pre-attention stage, the study of the extraction of the same auditory law in the sound signal is mainly focused on non-speech, i.e. using a certain tone as the sound stimulating material, in the case where the frequency of a different acoustic wave is constantly changing, the regularity of its implicit frequency rise or fall can be extracted at the pre-notice stage. although this suggests that the ability of our humans to process the regular between sound frequencies at the pre-stage stage is critical to the perception of language and appreciation of the music, and if the regularity of the sound frequency is extracted directly in a complex varying speech signal, At the same time, the regularity of this frequency directly affects the understanding of semantics, which is more direct than non-linguistic materials to reflect the regular extraction capability of the very critical changes in human language perception. In this paper, the Chinese tone is used as a sound material, and a hundred Chinese vowels (a, e, i, u) are artificially synthesized and the vowels are endowed with tones (a sound tone, two tones and four tones), in which each vowel has three unused sound intensities, and all have three different tones, and the fundamental frequency of each tone is constantly changing, that is, the synthesized one tone has 10 different fundamental frequency gradients, the synthesized two tones and four tones have three different fundamental frequency gradients, by playing the artificially synthesized hundreds of Chinese vowels to form a complex voice stream, an abstract pattern of sound fundamental frequency characteristics is embedded in this auditory stream, i.e., although the resonance peaks, the sound intensity and the fundamental frequency of the sound are constantly changing, But most of the sounds can be perceived as flat tone and, occasionally, this rule is broken by the random appearance of two tones or four tones. The experimental results of this study show that the law of abstract tone information implied in complex voice auditory information flow can be extracted by native subjects at the pre-attention stage, that is, to induce stable distortion-matched negative wave components. The subject was not found to be unaware of this rule in the experimental record. this study reflects a sensory intelligence that is present during speech perception, and the presence of this sensory intelligence suggests that humans can extract abstract and effective auditory rules in complex and constantly changing auditory environments prior to the attention of humans, and the existence of this sensory intelligence can greatly save people's limited awareness resources.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R767.92
本文编号：2254326
[Abstract]:Abstract: Abstract: It is a high-level cognitive function that organisms recognize the world and perceive the world, that is to summarize the inherent laws from concrete and complex things, thus drawing out a common general character. For animals, this ability is the need to survive so that laws can be drawn from a complex and complex environment to ensure survival. At the same time, this capability is critical to human daily verbal communication, because in everyday life, we hear voice signals that have great variability, such as the intensity, frequency and time characteristics of sound, and are often mixed with environmental noise. in order to guarantee the exchange of speech, our auditory cortex must strain the variability of the speech signal, i. e. the auditory cortex requires not only the sound signal itself but also the relationship between the various sound signals, An effective abstract object concept, such as a speaker's recognition or utterance, is acquired and formed in complex varying voice information streams. The relationship between such speech signals is that the auditory rules in the language are invariant and abstract, although the speech signal itself has great variability. The current research on this subject has made great progress, such as the extraction of auditory signals in speech using the method of fmri reflects the ability of the auditory cortex of the brain to abstract the speech signal during the attention phase. In the pre-attention stage, the study of the extraction of the same auditory law in the sound signal is mainly focused on non-speech, i.e. using a certain tone as the sound stimulating material, in the case where the frequency of a different acoustic wave is constantly changing, the regularity of its implicit frequency rise or fall can be extracted at the pre-notice stage. although this suggests that the ability of our humans to process the regular between sound frequencies at the pre-stage stage is critical to the perception of language and appreciation of the music, and if the regularity of the sound frequency is extracted directly in a complex varying speech signal, At the same time, the regularity of this frequency directly affects the understanding of semantics, which is more direct than non-linguistic materials to reflect the regular extraction capability of the very critical changes in human language perception. In this paper, the Chinese tone is used as a sound material, and a hundred Chinese vowels (a, e, i, u) are artificially synthesized and the vowels are endowed with tones (a sound tone, two tones and four tones), in which each vowel has three unused sound intensities, and all have three different tones, and the fundamental frequency of each tone is constantly changing, that is, the synthesized one tone has 10 different fundamental frequency gradients, the synthesized two tones and four tones have three different fundamental frequency gradients, by playing the artificially synthesized hundreds of Chinese vowels to form a complex voice stream, an abstract pattern of sound fundamental frequency characteristics is embedded in this auditory stream, i.e., although the resonance peaks, the sound intensity and the fundamental frequency of the sound are constantly changing, But most of the sounds can be perceived as flat tone and, occasionally, this rule is broken by the random appearance of two tones or four tones. The experimental results of this study show that the law of abstract tone information implied in complex voice auditory information flow can be extracted by native subjects at the pre-attention stage, that is, to induce stable distortion-matched negative wave components. The subject was not found to be unaware of this rule in the experimental record. this study reflects a sensory intelligence that is present during speech perception, and the presence of this sensory intelligence suggests that humans can extract abstract and effective auditory rules in complex and constantly changing auditory environments prior to the attention of humans, and the existence of this sensory intelligence can greatly save people's limited awareness resources.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R767.92
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相关期刊论文 前2条
1 罗跃嘉,魏景汉;Mismatch negativity of ERP in cross-modal attention[J];Science in China(Series C:Life Sciences);1997年06期
2 胡净,胡洁;基于正则化方法的加权最小模估计在脑磁源成像中的应用[J];生物医学工程学杂志;2003年01期
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