乌鲁木齐市1995—2014年汉族中小学生视力不良变化趋势

发布时间：2018-10-25 07:35

【摘要】：目的了解乌鲁木齐市汉族中小学生视力不良20年中的发展变化趋势,为青少年近视防治工作提供依据。方法对乌鲁木齐市1995—2014年全国学生体质与健康调研的结果进行分析。结果 1995—2010年乌鲁木齐市汉族中小学生视力不良检出率从29.3%增长至58.7%,且呈逐年上升趋势,其中城市女生视力不良率增长32.7百分点,增长幅度最大;乡村男生增长27.0百分点,增长幅度最小。与2010年相比,2014年整体视力不良检出率下降6.3百分点,逐年上升趋势得到遏制,城乡学生和男女生均呈现相同趋势;除1995年外,2000—2014年女生的视力不良检出率均高于男生,差异具有统计学意义(P值均0.05);小学、初中和高中学生的整体视力不良检出率中,高中段增长幅度最高(增长34.8百分点),小学段增长幅度最低(增长17.2百分点);小学段城乡学生视力不良检出率的差别随年份逐渐增加,初中段城乡视力不良检出率随年份呈波动趋势,高中段城乡视力不良检出率随年份趋于一致;在1995—2014年视力不良程度的构成比中,轻度视力不良占比例最低,重度视力不良占比例最高;男女和城乡学生视力不良程度构成比与整体趋势保持一致,且趋势在男女和城乡方面差异均无统计学意义。结论乌鲁木齐市汉族中小学生视力不良率在1995—2010年间整体呈上升趋势。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the development trend of visual acuity of primary and middle school students in Urumqi during the past 20 years, and to provide evidence for prevention and treatment of juvenile myopia. Methods the results of the investigation on students' physique and health in Urumqi from 1995 to 2014 were analyzed. Results from 1995 to 2010, the detectable rate of poor eyesight of primary and middle school students in Urumqi increased from 29.3% to 58.7%, and showed an increasing trend year by year. Among them, the rate of poor eyesight of urban girls increased by 32.7 percentage points, and that of rural boys increased by 27.0%. The increase was the smallest. Compared with 2010, the overall detection rate of poor eyesight decreased by 6.3 percentage points in 2014, and the upward trend was contained year by year. The same trend was observed among urban and rural students and boys. Except for 1995, the prevalence rate of poor eyesight of girls was higher than that of boys in 2000-2014. The difference was statistically significant (P all 0.05). The highest growth rate (34.8%) was found in the upper middle school segment (34.8% increase) and the lowest (17.2%) increase in the primary school segment, and the difference in the detection rate of poor eyesight among urban and rural pupils in primary school segment gradually increased with the year. The detection rate of poor eyesight in urban and rural areas of junior middle school tended to fluctuate with years, and that in urban and rural areas in middle and high schools tended to be the same with the year, and the proportion of mild poor eyesight was the lowest in the proportion of composition of the degree of poor eyesight in 1995-2014. The proportion of severe visual acuity was the highest, and the ratio of the degree of poor eyesight of male and female students and urban and rural students was consistent with the overall trend, and the trend had no statistical significance in the difference between men and women and between urban and rural areas. Conclusion the visual acuity rate of primary and middle school students in Urumqi increased from 1995 to 2010.
【作者单位】：新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市中小学卫生保健所;
【分类号】：R778.11

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