非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者生活方式及其自我管理研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 22:48

本文选题：非酒精性脂肪性肝病　切入点：生活方式　出处：《暨南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的描述非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)与生活方式之间的关系,并探索影响NAFLD患者自我管理的深层次原因。研究方法(1)横断面研究。采用方便抽样法从体检人群中抽取205名NAFLD患者及231名正常人群,并对其生活方式进行问卷调查,对2组人群人口学资料及生活方式特征进行单因素分析,通过结构方程模型建模方法构建NAFLD患者生活方式关系模型。(2)质性研究。通过目的抽样法抽取12名NAFLD患者进行深度访谈,并采用Colaizzi资料分析法进行资料分析。结果(1)单因素分析结果显示,NAFLD患者中31~45岁者所占比例最大,为40.5%;男性比例大于女性;体重指数(BMI)为(25.64±3.30)kg/m2,肥胖及超重者占66.3%;行为方式中,NAFLD患者与正常人群的工作方式、做家务情况、锻炼频率、吸烟状况差异有统计学意义(P0.05);饮食习惯中,NAFLD患者吃宵夜、甜食频率,外出就餐频率高于正常人群,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其吃蔬菜、水果频率,喝牛奶/酸奶频率低于正常人群,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)模型构建结果:所建模型拟合良好;模型结果显示,与NAFLD有直接效应的变量包括BMI、不良饮食习惯、良好饮食习惯、吸烟状况,效应值分别为-0.444,-0.156,0.185,-0.088;行为方式与NAFLD之间存在间接效应,效应值为0.200,BMI在其中起中介作用。(3)NAFLD患者自我管理质性研究中,提炼出3个主题,分别是个体因素、条件影响及自我管理行为,其中每个主题分别包含2~4个分主题。结论NAFLD患者生活方式存在日常活动量少、饮食结构不合理的特征,可采取以下方式预防和控制NAFLD:经由改变行为方式控制体重,调节饮食结构,戒烟;NAFLD患者自我管理状况不良,受个体因素(对疾病的认知及态度)和条件因素(环境限制、条件促进)的影响。
[Abstract]:Objective to describe the relationship between NAFLD and lifestyle in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The cross-sectional study was carried out. 205 NAFLD patients and 231 normal people were selected from the physical examination population by convenient sampling method, and their lifestyle was investigated by questionnaire survey, and the results were as follows: (1) A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the causes of influencing the self-management of NAFLD patients, and a questionnaire survey was carried out among 205 NAFLD patients and 231 normal people. The demographic data and lifestyle characteristics of two groups of people were analyzed by single factor analysis, and the relationship between lifestyle and life style of NAFLD patients was established by structural equation model modeling method. Twelve NAFLD patients were selected by objective sampling method for in-depth interviews. Results the results of univariate analysis showed that the proportion of patients aged 31 to 45 years old was the largest (40.5%), the proportion of male was higher than that of female. The body mass index (BMI) was 25.64 卤3.30 kg / m ~ (2), and the proportion of obese and overweight was 66.30.There were significant differences in the way of work, housework, exercise frequency, smoking status between patients with NAFLD and normal people in their behavior, and the frequency of eating supper and sweet food in patients with NAFLD in their eating habits. The frequency of eating out was higher than that of normal people, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). The frequency of eating vegetables and fruit and drinking milk / yoghurt were lower than that of normal people, and the difference was statistically significant. The results of the model showed that the variables with direct effect with NAFLD included BMIs, bad eating habits, good eating habits, smoking status, and the effect values were -0.444- 0.156n0.185- 0.088.The indirect effects existed between behavior patterns and NAFLD, respectively. In the study of self-management quality of NAFLD patients with 0.200 BMI, three subjects were abstracted as individual factors, condition influence and self-management behavior, respectively, in the study of self-management quality of NAFLD patients. Conclusion the lifestyle of patients with NAFLD has the characteristics of low daily activity and unreasonable dietary structure. The following ways can be used to prevent and control NAFLDs: controlling weight by changing behavior. The self-management of NAFLD patients who quit smoking was affected by individual factors (cognition and attitude to disease) and conditional factors (environmental limitation, conditional promotion).
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R575.5

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